碳氮比改变对崇明东滩湿地反硝化与硝态氮氨化的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904052

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 174-180.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904052

碳氮比改变对崇明东滩湿地反硝化与硝态氮氨化的影响

王新新¹(), 韩建刚¹^,²^,^*(), 徐传红¹, 徐莎¹

1.南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京 210037
2.南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2019-04-25 修回日期:2020-05-28 出版日期:2020-10-30 发布日期:2020-11-19
通讯作者: 韩建刚
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41375149);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Effects of $C/NO_{3}^{-}-N$ change on denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in the Chongming Dongtan wetland

WANG Xinxin¹(), HAN Jiangang¹^,²^,^*(), XU Chuanhong¹, XU Sha¹

1. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Co-InnovationCenter for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2019-04-25 Revised:2020-05-28 Online:2020-10-30 Published:2020-11-19
Contact: HAN Jiangang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析自然和人为活动加速影响下沿海湿地土壤碳氮比变化对硝态氮还原过程的影响。【方法】以崇明东滩典型滨海湿地为例,采集4种不同覆被类型下沉积物样品,添加C₆H₁₂O₆或KNO₃溶液,使沉积物有机碳与硝态氮比例($C/NO_3^--N$)增大30%和减小30%,借助 ¹⁵N同位素稀释技术,研究反硝化(Den)与硝态氮氨化(DNRA)的变化特征。【结果】$C/NO_3^--N$的升高或降低均引起芦苇和互花米草覆被下沉积物Den和DNRA速率的显著下降(P<0.05)。芦苇覆被下Den速率从原土的10.1 μg/(kg·h)降至1.0~3.1 μg /(kg·h),互花米草覆被下Den速率从原土的3.4 μg /(kg·h)降至0.3~0.4 μg /(kg·h)。相比较而言,芦苇植被下DNRA速率从原土的21.9 μg /(kg·h)降至12.7~14.5 μg /(kg·h),互花米草覆被下从原土的42.6 μg /(kg·h)降至3.1~5.8 μg /(kg·h)。【结论】4种覆被下沉积物DNRA/Den值均大于1,表明DNRA是湿地硝态氮还原的主要途径。与$C/NO_3^--N$减小相比,$C/NO_3^--N$增大使$NO_3^--N$的还原更趋向DNRA过程。崇明东滩湿地$C/NO_3^--N$的波动(±30%)可能并不会导致沉积物N₂O排放的显著增加。

关键词: 湿地, 土壤碳氮比, 反硝化, 硝态氮氨化, ¹⁵N同位素, N₂O排放, 崇明岛

Abstract:

【Objective】 Fluctuations in the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the wetland soil have an important impact on the nitrate nitrogen reductions under the influence of accelerated natural and human activities. 【Method】 Sediment samples were collected under four vegetation types in the Chongming Dongtan wetland. The ratio of organic carbon to nitrate ($C/NO_3^--N$) in sediments was adjusted to increase or decrease by 30% by adding C₆H₁₂O₆ or KNO₃ solution, respectively. The ¹⁵N isotope dilution technique was used to define the changes in denitrification (Den) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). 【Result】 The results showed that the increase or decrease in $C/NO_3^--N$ caused a significant decrease in the rates of Den and DNRA in the sediments under Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora (P < 0.05). The Den rate under P. australis decreased from 10.1 μg/(kg·h) (CK) to 1.0-3.1 μg/(kg·h), whereas under S. alterniflora, it decreased from 3.4 μg/(kg·h) (CK) to 0.3-0.4 μg/(kg·h). In contrast, the DNRA rate decreased from 21.9 μg/(kg·h) (CK) to 12.7-14.5 μg/(kg·h) under P. australis, and for S. alterniflora, it decreased from 42.6 μg/(kg·h) (CK) to 3.1-5.8 μg/(kg·h). This indicates that the impact of changes in $C/NO_3^--N$ on nitrate reduction should be considered in the assessment of N₂O emissions in the wetland. Particularly, the sediments under P. australis had a higher denitrification rate, whereas the DNRA rate under S. alterniflora was higher. 【Conclusion】 This study showed an essential difference in nitrate utilization between the two vegetation types. All DNRA/Den value under the four vegetation types were greater than 1, indicating that DNRA is the main pathway for nitrate reduction in the wetland. Compared with the decrease in $C/NO_3^--N$, the increase in $C/NO_3^--N$ resulted in the nitrate reduction in sediments being biased toward the DNRA process. Therefore, the fluctuations in $C/NO_3^--N$ in the Chongming Dongtan wetland (± 30%) may not cause a significant increase in N₂O emissions from sediments.

Key words: wetland, the ratio of carborn to nitrogen, denitrification (Den), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), ¹⁵N, N₂O emission, Chongming Island

中图分类号:

S156.8

王新新,韩建刚,徐传红,等. 碳氮比改变对崇明东滩湿地反硝化与硝态氮氨化的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(5): 174-180.

WANG Xinxin, HAN Jiangang, XU Chuanhong, XU Sha. Effects of $C/NO_{3}^{-}-N$ change on denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in the Chongming Dongtan wetland[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(5): 174-180.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904052.

图/表 4

图1

图2

表1

沉积物基础理化性质"

覆被类型 cover type	pH	w(SOC)/ (g·kg^-1)	w(TN)/ (g·kg^-1)	w(N $H 4 +$ -N)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w(N $O 3 -$ N)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w/%
覆被类型 cover type	pH	w(SOC)/ (g·kg^-1)	w(TN)/ (g·kg^-1)	w(N $H 4 +$ -N)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w(N $O 3 -$ N)/ (mg·kg^-1)	砂粒sand (≥20~2 000 μm)	粉粒powder (≥2~20 μm)	黏粒clay (<2 μm)
光滩(Ⅰ)	8.8±0.3	6.9±0.2	0.9±0.0	5.7±0.4	6.5±0.2	63.6±1.1	36.4±2.4	0.0±0.0
互花米草(Ⅱ)	8.8±0.4	11.4±0.5	1.4±0.1	6.2±0.3	5.9±0.3	30.5±2.3	69.3±4.2	0.1±0.0
互花米草-芦苇(Ⅲ)	9.0±0.5	15.0±0.9	1.6±0.1	6.6±0.3	6.2±0.3	32.8±2.0	66.8±3.8	0.5±0.0
芦苇(Ⅳ)	8.8±0.4	13.2±0.8	1.6±0.2	7.0±0.4	6.6±0.2	18.7±1.2	81.3±4.3	0.0±0.0

表1

图3

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碳氮比改变对崇明东滩湿地反硝化与硝态氮氨化的影响

Effects of $C/NO_{3}^{-}-N$ change on denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in the Chongming Dongtan wetland

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