【目的】环太湖地区作为文明发展较早且长期存续的地域,人类为适应历史进程中复杂变化的地理环境付出了极大的成本,基于此,本研究分析环太湖不同历史时期乡村聚落的分布特征,探讨其内在影响因素与适应机制。【方法】选择环太湖的“苏锡常嘉湖”5市为研究范围,筛选363个历史村落为研究对象,借助GIS的空间分析方法,引入最邻近点指数、Kernel核密度、标准差椭圆方法,分析环太湖不同历史时期乡村聚落的分布特征。【结果】按照乡村聚落的分布特征,太湖历史村落发展可划分为选址生存期、自发适应期、自觉适应期、叠级扩张期与无序整合期5个阶段;环太湖乡村聚落在各阶段的空间分布格局均呈明显的集聚分布,数量与密度逐渐增大,空间分布中心向东北转移,且存在区域内“西北—东南” 轴向扩散的趋势;各阶段的自然原生环境、农田水利环境与社会文化环境3个方面因素对环太湖乡村聚落的影响力处于长期动态变化的状态。【结论】从长时段的历史纬度看,自然原生、农田水利与社会文化3个方面的环境驱动因素体现了人类对区域环境的持续适应能力,环太湖乡村发展协同的过程包含了多尺度、多过程的复杂性。

【Objective】 The circum-Taihu Lake area has been inhabited for centuries, and humans have paid a great effort for adapting to the complex and changing geographical environment throughout the history. We analyzed the distribution characteristics of rural settlements in different historical periods around Taihu Lake, and discussed the internal influencing factors and adaptation mechanism. 【Method】 Based on the space-time background, this research selected the five cities of Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou, around the Taihu Lake, as the areas of research, and screened 363 historical villages as research objects. Five stages were analyzed: selecting site and survival period, spontaneous adaptation period, conscious adaptation period, overlapping expansion period, and unordered consolidation period. With the help of GIS spatial analyses, the nearest point index, Kernel density, and standard deviation elliptic were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of rural settlements around the Taihu Lake during different historical periods. 【Result】 The spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements in the circum-Taihu Lake area is clearly concentrated; the quantity and density increased gradually, and the spatial distribution center shifted toward the northeast with a trend for “northwest-southeast” axial diffusion. The different stages influencing of natural native environment, agricultural irrigation environment, social and cultural environment on the rural settlements in the circum-Taihu Lake area are in a state of long-term dynamic change. 【Conclusion】 Regarding the historical latitude over a long period of time, the three environmental drivers of nature, irrigation and water conservancy as well as socio-cultural factors reflect the continuous capacity of humans to adapt to the regional environment, and the synergistic process of rural development in the circum-Taihu Lake zone is a multi-scale, multi-process complex system.