越南黄花梨种源家系生长遗传变异及早期选择

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201906028

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 25-30.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201906028

所属专题：红木类珍贵树种专题

• 专题报道(执行主编施季森) • 上一篇下一篇

越南黄花梨种源家系生长遗传变异及早期选择

洪舟, 杨曾奖, 张宁南, 郭俊誉, 刘小金, 崔之益, 徐大平^*()

中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所, 广东广州 510520

收稿日期:2019-06-19 修回日期:2019-09-04 出版日期:2020-02-08 发布日期:2020-02-02
通讯作者: 徐大平
基金资助:
中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(CAFYBB2017ZA001-7);国家自然科学基金项目(31500537)

Genetic variation and juvenile selection of growth traits of Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain

HONG Zhou, YANG Zengjiang, ZHANG Ningnan, GUO Junyu, LIU Xiaojin, CUI Zhiyi, XU Daping^*()

Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received:2019-06-19 Revised:2019-09-04 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-02-02
Contact: XU Daping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】对越南黄花梨幼林阶段生长表现进行研究,为筛选早期生长性状优良的越南黄花梨家系,以及越南黄花梨引种选择提供依据。【方法】对4年生的越南黄花梨10种源46个家系的早期生长性状进行调查,在分析生长性状遗传变异的基础上进行早期优良种源和家系的选择。【结果】越南黄花梨早期生长性状在种源、家系间达到显著以上差异,表型和遗传变异系数分别为10.81%~36.97%和4.20%~10.95%。各性状的种源重复力、家系遗传力和单株遗传力分别为(0.45±0.19)~(0.81±0.06),(0.27±0.16)~(0.59±0.09) 和(0.18±0.13)~(0.35±0.19)。运用综合指数选择,综合生长指标、叶型和冠幅性状选出早期优良种源2个,优良家系6个。优良家系的树高、胸径、地径、叶色值、叶片叶绿素SPAD值以及冠幅的平均遗传增益为6.87%、6.54%、6.77%、2.62%、3.50%和9.43%。【结论】8号(兴安)种源不仅生长优良,而且存在着丰富的遗传变异,可作为越南黄花梨引种栽培的首选种源。

关键词: 越南黄花梨, 遗传变异, 种源选择, 家系选择, 早期选择

Abstract:

【Objective】 Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain, commonly known as Mai Dou Lai in Vietnam is a semi deciduous tree belonging to the genus Dalbergia, family Papilionoideae. The genetic variability and genetic-phenotypic correlations among growth traits were studied for screening the excellent genetic materials of D. tonkinensis at an juvenile stage. It helped the germplasm introduction of D. tonkinensis and the development of precious timber industry in Guangdong Province. 【Method】 The growth traits include tree height, diameter at breast height, diameter at ground height, crown, leaf chlorophyll SAPD value and leaf area were studied in the 4 years old, provenance/family testing trail in Baishengyuan, Yangjiang City, in west Guangdong Province. The genetic parameters were estimated for each trait using mixed linear model. Further, we selected the excellent provenances and families using exponential equation.【Result】 The average annual growth in height and ground diameter of D. tonkinensis was 1 m and 3 cm, respectively. The coefficient of variation of diameter (26.86%-40.41%) was higher than that of tree height (25.27%-26.35%). There were different phenotypic and genetic variations in the growth characters for D. tonkinensis. The phenotypic variation coefficient ranged from 10.81% (leaf chlorophyll SPAD value) to 36.97% (ground diameter 17). The genetic variation coefficient ranged from 4.20% (leaf chlorophyll SPAD value) to 10.95% (ground diameter 17). The coefficient of variation of tree height was consistent among all the characteristics at juvenile stage. The provenance repeatability, family and individual heritability were recorded as (0.45±0.19) to (0.81±0.06), (0.27±0.16) to (0.59±0.09) and (0.18±0.13) to (0.35±0.19), respectively. Highly significant positive genetic correlation was observed between growth characters (P < 0.01). Significant ( P < 0.05) or extremely significant genetic positive correlation ( P < 0.01) was observed between growth traits and leaf chlorophyll SPAD value and crown, except leaf area traits. Genetic correlation among leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area and crown were not observed. Based on phenotypic and genetic variation of growth traits, the early index selection of excellent provenances / families was carried out with tree height, DBH, ground diameter, leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area and crown diameter (measured in 2018). The provenance index coefficients of tree height, DBH, ground diameter, leaf chlorophyll SPAD, leaf area and crown diameter were 0.78, 0.54, 0.48, 0.11, 0.05 and 0.87, respectively. The average aggregation index of provenance was 17.62±1.88. Two excellent provenances (No.3 and No.8) were selected as their aggregation index of multiple traits was greater than the average value+1 standard deviation (mean+SD = 19.50). The average genetic gain of tree height, DBH and DBH for excellent provenances was 43.06%, 101.46% and 115.84%, respectively. Six excellent families were selected according to the index of family aggregation (11.81) constructed based on population mean values. The selection rate was 13.03%. The genetic gains of tree height, DBH, ground diameter, leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area and crown diameter of the selected population were 6.87%, 6.54%, 6.77%, 2.62%, 3.50% and 9.43%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 There are abundant provenance and family variations among the early growth characters for D. tonkinensis. The genetic control of growth and wood properties at provenance and families were observed above moderate intensity. The highly genetic variation of the introduced germplasm ofD. tonkinensis provided a basis for genetic breeding, and this can be further used for genetic improvement of D. tonkinensis.

Key words: Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain, genetic variation, provenance selection, family selection, juvenile selection

中图分类号:

S722.3⁺3

洪舟,杨曾奖,张宁南,等. 越南黄花梨种源家系生长遗传变异及早期选择[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(1): 25-30.

HONG Zhou, YANG Zengjiang, ZHANG Ningnan, GUO Junyu, LIU Xiaojin, CUI Zhiyi, XU Daping. Genetic variation and juvenile selection of growth traits of Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(1): 25-30.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201906028.

图/表 5

表1

越南黄花梨种源/家系信息表"

序号 No.	种源 provenance	家系号 family No.	经度(E)/ (°) longitude	纬度(N)/ (°) latitude	海拔 /m elevation
1	嘉莱Gia Lai	1~5	108.11	13.81	700~800
2	承天-顺化Hu $ê'$	6	107.56	16.45	3~5
3	义安Nghê An	7	104.92	19.23	30~45
4	清化Thanh Hóa	8~10	105.31	20.13	5~18
5	宁平Ninh Bình	11~14	105.92	20.21	15~66
6	河内Hung Yên	15~21	106.02	20.85	8~20
7	北宁Hà Nôi	22~23	105.83	21.03	5~20
8	兴安Bac Ninh	24~28	106.11	21.12	5~15
9	永福Vınh Phúc	29~36	105.55	21.36	15~30
10	凉山Lang Son	37~46	106.63	21.86	152~324

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

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性状 traits	平均值±标准误差 mean±SE	变异系数 coefficient of variation	方差来源 source of variation
性状 traits	平均值±标准误差 mean±SE	变异系数 coefficient of variation	区组 block	种源 provenances	家系 family
树高(2016)/m tree height	1.93±0.02	25.38	11.08^**	8.11^***	2.15^**
树高(2017)/m tree height	2.73±0.03	25.27	16.64^**	19.84^**	2.41^**
地径(2017)/cm diameter at ground height	2.87±0.05	40.41	17.83^**	20.34^**	2.89^**
树高(2018)/m tree height	3.87±0.05	26.35	21.18^**	22.11^**	2.62^**
胸径(2018)/cm diameter at breast height	4.54±0.06	31.27	17.46^**	25.13^**	2.79^**
地径(2018)/cm diameter at ground height	6.03±0.07	26.86	12.09^**	25.39^**	2.41^**
叶片叶绿素SPAD值(2018) SPAD	51.80±0.26	11.15	4.57^**	3.42^**	3.88^**
叶面积(2018)/cm² leaf area	32.35±0.38	26.08	2.97^*	2.49^**	1.71^**
冠幅(2018)/m crown	2.31±0.04	37.22	25.32^**	25.26^**	3.54^**

性状 traits	表型变异系数/% phenotypic variation coefficients	遗传变异系数/% genetic variation coefficients	种源重复力 provenance repeatability	家系遗传力 family heritability	单株遗传力 individual heritability
树高(2016) tree height	25.34	7.02	0.53±0.16	0.37±0.14	0.30±0.16
树高(2017) tree height	23.25	5.74	0.72±0.10	0.28±0.16	0.24±0.17
地径(2017) diameter at ground height	36.97	10.95	0.71±0.10	0.37±0.14	0.35±0.19
树高(2018) tree height	23.16	6.23	0.81±0.06	0.35±0.14	0.28±0.17
胸径(2018) diameter at breast height	28.22	6.46	0.77±0.08	0.27±0.16	0.20±0.16
地径(2018) diameter at ground height	24.62	5.88	0.79±0.07	0.30±0.16	0.22±0.15
叶片叶绿素SPAD值(2018) SPAD	10.81	4.20	0.60±0.13	0.59±0.09	0.30±0.18
叶面积(2018) leaf area	25.15	5.46	0.45±0.19	0.30±0.16	0.18±0.13
冠幅(2018) crown	32.27	9.33	0.74±0.08	0.36±0.14	0.33±0.18

性状 traits	树高(2016) tree height	树高(2017) tree height	地径(2017) diameter at ground height	树高(2018) tree height	胸径(2018) diameter at breast height	地径(2018) diameter at ground height	叶片叶绿素 SPAD值(2018) SPAD	叶面积(2018) leaf area
树高(2017) tree height	0.946±0.053^**
地径(2017) diameter at ground height	0.971±0.050^**	0.993±0.026^**
树高(2018) tree height	0.924±0.102^**	0.989±0.077^**	0.992±0.071^**
胸径(2018) diameter at breast height	0.966±0.103^**	0.987±0.081^**	0.995±0.073^**	0.988±0.038^**
地径(2018) diameter at ground height	0.938±0.109^**	0.985±0.093^**	0.993±0.078^**	0.994±0.052^**	0.997±0.022^**
叶片叶绿素SPAD值(2018) SPAD	0.475±0.197^**	0.438±0.204^*	0.483±0.188^**	0.665±0.175^**	0.635±0.187^**	0.666±0.188^**
叶面积(2018) leaf area	0.116±0.292	0.159±0.290	0.189±0.277	0.287±0.286	0.274±0.296	0.408±0.289	0.390±0.249
冠幅(2018) crown	0.746±0.131^**	0.858±0.084^**	0.859±0.076^**	0.992±0.081^**	0.986±0.081^**	0.991±0.092^**	0.339±0.210	0.021±0.289

类别 type	种源号 provenance No.	家系号 family No.	聚合指数 I	树高 tree height	胸径 diameter at breast height	地径 diameter at ground height	叶片叶绿素 SPAD值 SPAD	叶面积 leaf area	冠幅 crown
种源选择 provenance selection	3		20.61	46.65	105.25	112.13	502.21	915.58	49.5
	8		20.06	39.47	97.67	119.54	526.19	886.66	27.84
	入选平均值 mean			43.06	101.46	115.84	514.2	901.12	38.67
家系选择 family selection	8	25	12.73	8.82	10.15	10.08	4.53	0.68	15.57
	8	28	12.41	7.00	3.70	6.72	5.91	9.34	1.75
	3	7	12.09	8.91	7.76	5.55	0.69	4.15	16.21
	8	24	11.94	5.64	7.64	6.67	0.36	5.27	5.72
	1	2	11.94	8.11	5.19	7.38	1.05	0.22	8.89
	6	16	11.83	2.73	4.78	4.23	3.21	1.35	8.42
	入选平均值 mean			6.87	6.54	6.77	2.62	3.50	9.43

越南黄花梨种源家系生长遗传变异及早期选择

Genetic variation and juvenile selection of growth traits of Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain

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