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PDF(1129 KB)
PDF(1129 KB)
农地流转契约对流转农户收入的影响分析
An impact of contracts and their duration on household income of farmers involved in land transfer
探究在中国土地流转过程中，农户不同的流转契约形式、流转期限选择对参与流转农户家庭收入的影响，以期得到更优流转契约选择，为推动有序土地流转、保障流转户权益提供建议。
运用理论与实证相结合的方法，通过实地调研所获江苏省4县12村161户参与流转农户数据，进行多元线性回归（OLS）、引入工具变量的2SLS模型分析。
OLS模型结果表明，长期正式契约不利于流转主体非农收入的增长。土地流转中正式契约形式对总收入产生0. 34倍负向影响，对非农收入产生2. 955倍负向影响；流转契约期限对农户非农收入产生0. 106倍负向作用。在加入工具变量后，2SLS模型结果显示，流转期限变量对农户家庭收入的影响均不显著，而正式契约对农业收入的有效性得以验证。正式契约有利于农业收入增长，对农业收入的贡献达2. 993倍；不利于非农收入增加，对非农收入的负向影响效果达5. 319倍。对于增加农户总收入及农业收入而言，提高现经营土地面积可起显著作用。
推进正式契约发展，对于吸引规模经营主体进入农业经营领域，促进农户增收具有优势。契约期限对农户增收效果不显著，可能由作物生长周期的限制和固定投资的影响不明显所致。农户契约选择应该充分尊重流转主体的意思自治，不宜盲目推行长期正式契约的签署。对于流入、流出主体应进行有效的农业种植结构规划培训以及非农就业培训，减少资源错配现象，最大化发挥契约形式、契约期限所带来的产权稳定性预期效应，改善农户增收效果。
This study is focused on land contracts in rural China. Informal contracts and formal contracts are persistent in land use rights transactions. The formation of the contract and period of farmland transfer is a complex decision, and is affected by the imperfections of the land transfer market and the non-agricultural employment market in China. To determine an ideal land transfer contract model， to provide suggestions for orderly land transfer and to protect rights of farmers who participate in land transfer, this study examined the influence of different choices of contracts and contract duration on the household income of the participating farmers.
Combining theory and simulation, this study employed the ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis and a 2-stage least squares (2SLS) model. As instrumental variables, we separately took the average value of the land transfer contracts and the contract durations for other farmers in the same village except the sample farmer. The sample, which comprises 161 households participating in rural land transfer, was selected from 12 villages of four counties in Jiangsu Province, China.
The results of the OLS model reveal that the long-term formal contract does not induce the growth of non-agricultural income of participating farmers. In addition,the formal contract has a negative impact on the total income (reduces income by 0.34) and on non-agricultural income (reduces by 2.955), and the contract duration has a negative effect on farmers’ non-agricultural income (reduces by 0.106).After the instrumental variables are added, the results of the 2SLS model indicate that the contract duration has no significant effects on the household income while the formal contracts have a positive impact on farmers’ agricultural income. Specifically, a formal contract is conducive to the growth of agricultural income by 2.993 times, but has a negative impact on non-agricultural income by 5.319 times. In addition, increasing the operating land area has a significant role in improving farmers’ total and agricultural income.
Promoting the development of formal contracts has advantages in attracting large-scale operators to enter the field of agricultural operation and to promot farmers’ income. The impact of the contract period on farmers’ income is not significant, which may be due to the limitation of the crop growth cycle and the hidden effect of fixed investment. In the process of signing the land transfer contract, the subjects’ autonomy should be fully respected, and the long-term formal contracts should not implemented without careful consideration. To reduce the mismatch of resources, maximize the expected effect of property rights stability brought by the contract and the contract duration, and achieve the purpose of increasing farmers’ income, it is necessary to provide effective training on agricultural planting structure and non-agricultural employment for farmers who rent in or rent out land.
farmland transfer / contract form / contract duration / farmer income
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