研究不同质量浓度赤霉素（GA₃，0、100、200、300、1 000 mg/L）替代低温解除芍药品种‘大富贵’休眠的效果，探讨休眠解除前后其内源激素和糖类代谢生理变化，为生产上利用GA₃解除芍药休眠及调控花期提供理论及技术支撑。

以盆栽露地越冬‘大富贵’为对照，调查不同浓度GA₃处理植株生长、开花的差异，采用高效液相色谱仪测定果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量，采用酶联免疫法测定5种糖类代谢相关酶活性，采用液相色谱-质谱联用测定5种内源激素含量。

①100、200、300、1 000 mg/L GA₃处理均可解除‘大富贵’休眠；休眠解除后植株生长发育有差异，4种 GA₃处理茎折萎率分别为0.88%、18.1%、65.7%、100%；前3种处理可正常开花，但较对照株高降低17.9%～23.5%，成花数量减少46.6%～65.9%，花径减小11.8%～16.7%。②‘大富贵’休眠期、芽鳞开绽期主要可溶性糖为果糖、葡萄糖，芽膨大期蔗糖占比升高；休眠期、芽膨大期、芽鳞开绽期蔗糖合成酶、细胞壁转化酶、液泡转化酶活性呈升高趋势，蔗糖磷酸合成酶、α-淀粉酶先略降后上升。③赤霉素、生长素、脱落酸、水杨酸含量整体呈先降后升趋势，茉莉酸含量则先升后降，变化趋势与其他内源激素相反。

4种浓度GA₃处理均可解除‘大富贵’休眠，100 mg/L GA₃处理对植物生长与促成栽培开花情况最好；休眠期、芽鳞开绽期果糖、葡萄糖为芽内主要可溶性糖，芽膨大期根内营养物质以蔗糖形式转运至芽；外施GA₃后芍药5种内源激素水平发生剧烈变化，植株休眠到生长的转变是各种激素协同作用的结果。

We investigated the effects of gibberellin acid (GA₃) (0, 100, 200, 300 and 1 000 mg/L) on dormancy release to replace low-temperature treatments; furthermore, physiological changes in endogenous hormones and carbohydrate metabolism were examined. The results may provide theoretical and technical support for applied use of GA₃ to terminate dormancy and regulate flowering time in Paeonia lactiflora.

We investigated effects of GA₃ at different concentrations on plant growth and flowering using open-field overwintered potted P. lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ as a control. We measured fructose, glucose and sucrose concentrations using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Activities of enzymes associated with the metabolism of five sugar compounds and content of five endogenous hormones were determined using enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS), respectively.

The results showed that 100, 200, 300 and 1 000 mg/L GA₃ affected dormancy termination in P. lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’, and substantial differences in plant growth and development were observed in treated seedlings. Stem lodging and wilting rates of seedlings treated with 100, 200, 300 and 1 000 mg/L GA₃ were 0.88%, 18.1%, 65.7% and 100%, respectively. Treatments with 100-300 mg/L GA₃ led to substantially decreased height (variation rate 17.9%-23.5%), number of flowers (variation rate 46.6%-65.9%), and flower diameter (variation rate 11.8%-16.7%); however, the flowering process was normal. During dormancy and during the bud scale bursting period, fructose and glucose were the predominant soluble sugars in ‘Da Fugui’ plants, and the proportion of sucrose increased du?ring bud swelling. During dormancy, bud swelling, and bud scale bursting, sucrose synthase, cell wall invertase, and vacuolar invertase activity increased, whereas sucrose phosphate synthase and alpha-amylase decreased slightly initially and then increased. Gibberellin, auxin, abscisic acid and salicylic acid content initially decreased and then increased, whereas jasmonic acid content showed the opposite pattern.

Treatments with 100-400 mg/L GA₃ affected dormancy release in ‘Da Fugui’ plants, and the strongest effect was observed at 100 mg/L GA₃ which produced the best growth and flowering results. Fructose and glucose are the main soluble sugars during bud dormancy and bud scale burs?ting, and nutrients produced in the roots are transferred to buds in form of sucrose during bud swelling. GA₃ treatments induced considerable changes in the levels of five endogenous hormones, and subsequent synergistic effects elicited the transition from dormancy to seedling growth.