“植物-土壤”相互反馈的关键生态学问题:格局、过程与机制

王邵军

南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2) : 1-9.

PDF(2021 KB)
PDF(2021 KB)
南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2) : 1-9. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202001013
特邀专论(执行主编 阮宏华)

“植物-土壤”相互反馈的关键生态学问题:格局、过程与机制

作者信息 +

Key ecological issues in plant-soil feedback: pattern, process and mechanism

Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

植物与土壤之间相互反馈的格局、过程与机制,不但是决定生态系统结构、功能及过程的关键科学问题,而且是陆地生态系统响应全球变化的重要组成部分。基于目前国内外研究现状,从养分循环角度剖析“植物-土壤”间的反馈效应,探明相互反馈在空间尺度(根面、根际、种类、生态系统以及区域等)与时间尺度(秒至千年)上的级联效应及其变化格局;阐明根际、植物种类、生态系统及区域地理等水平上“植物-土壤”的相互反馈机制,重点揭示根系分泌、共生、生长及代谢的根际界面过程对植物水分/养分吸收与土壤物理学修饰的调控机制,剖析“植物种类-凋落物化学-土壤生物-土壤有机质”相互作用对地上-地下养分循环过程的驱动机制,运用“上行-下行控制理论及腐屑食物网模型”揭示地上-地下生物群落交互作用的过程与机制,以及土壤地质演变(岩石风化模式、土壤形成模式及土壤养分格局的变化)与区域植被演替(优势种更替及植被分布模式、地上-地下凋落物输入格局等的变化)相互反馈的过程与机制;从“植物-土壤”相互反馈的理论视角,分析生态退化与恢复、外来物种生态入侵、大气氮沉降、二氧化碳浓度升高以及植物多样性减少等全球生态问题的特征、形成机制以及可能的应对策略,揭示生态系统“地上-地下”相互反馈的生态学过程,以及陆地生态系统对全球生态环境变化的响应特征与机理。

Abstract

The process and mechanism of mutual feedback between plant and soil can determine the structure, function and process of ecosystems. They are also key scientific issues to understand the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to global changes. This review focused on cascading effects and their variations in patterns of nutrient-feedback between plant and soil at different spatial scales (i.e., root surface, rhizosphere, species, ecosystem and region) and various temporal dimensions (from seconds to thousand years). The plant-soil feedback was expounded at the level of root-soil interface, plant species, ecosystem and regional geography. We highlighted the regulatory mechanism of rhizosphere-interface process of root secretion, symbiosis, growth and metabolism on soil water and nutrients absorption, and physical modification. Moreover, we expounded the mechanism of above- and under-ground nutrient cycling process driven by interactions among plant species, litter chemistry, soil organism and soil organic matter. The bottom-up and top-down control theories, and the detritus food-web model were applied to reveal the process and mechanism of interactions between above-and under-ground biotic communities. We explored the process and mechanism of mutual feedback between soil geography evolution (the change in pattern of rock weathering, soil formation and soil nutrients), and regional vegetation succession (i.e., dominant species replacement, and shifting in mode of vegetation distribution, and above-ground litter input). This review also focused on the characteristics, formation mechanism and possible regulatory strategies of plant-soil mutual feedback for global change issues (i.e., ecological degradation and restoration, ecological invasion of alien species, atmospheric N deposition, elevated CO2 concentration, and reduced biodiversity). Furthermore, we concluded the biological and ecological processes of the interactions between above- and under-ground terrestrial ecosystems, predicting the response characteristics and mechanism of terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词

植物-土壤 / 根际界面 / 生态系统 / 反馈效应 / 反馈格局 / 反馈过程 / 反馈机制

Key words

plant-soil / rhizosphere interface / ecosystem / feedback effect / feedback pattern / feedback process / feedback mechanism

引用本文

导出引用
王邵军. “植物-土壤”相互反馈的关键生态学问题:格局、过程与机制[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版). 2020, 44(2): 1-9 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202001013
WANG Shaojun. Key ecological issues in plant-soil feedback: pattern, process and mechanism[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2020, 44(2): 1-9 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202001013
中图分类号: S718   

参考文献

[1]
DEDEYN G, VANDERPUTTEN W. Linking aboveground and belowground diversity[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2005, 20(11):625-633.DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.009.
[2]
FALKOWSKI P. The global carbon cycle:a test of our knowledge of earth as a system[J]. Science, 2000, 290(5490):291-296.DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5490.291.
[3]
WOLTERS V, SILVER W L, BIGNELL D E, et al. Effects of global changes on above- and belowground biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems:implications for ecosystem functioning[J]. Bio Science, 2000, 50(12):1089-1098.DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[1089:EOGCOA]2.0.CO;2.
[4]
王邵军. 武夷山土壤动物群落生态特征及功能研究[M]. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2015.
WANG S J. Study on ecological characteristics and function of soil faunal community in the Wuyi Mountains[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2015.
[5]
VAN DEN BERG H. Multiple nutrient limitation in unicellulars: reconstructing Liebig’s law[J]. Mathematical Biosciences, 1998, 149(1):1-22. DOI: 10.1016/S0025-5564(97)10019-0.
[6]
WARDLE D A. Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota[J]. Science, 2004, 304(5677):1629-1633.DOI: 10.1126/science.1094875.
[7]
JENNY H. Factors of soil formation: a system of quantitative pedology[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1941.
[8]
SAIFULLAH, DAHLAWI S, NAEEM A, et al. Biochar application for the remediation of salt-affected soils:challenges and opportunities[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 625(1):320-335.DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.257.
[9]
CRAWFORD K M, BAUER J T, COMITA L S, et al. When and where plant-soil feedback may promote plant coexistence:a meta-analysis[J]. Ecology Lettter, 2019, 22(8):1274-1284.DOI: 10.1111/ele.13278.
[10]
SCHITTKO C, RUNGE C, STRUPP M, et al. No evidence that plant-soil feedback effects of native and invasive plant species under glasshouse conditions are reflected in the field[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2016, 104(5):1243-1249.DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12603.
[11]
OLDFIELD E E, WOOD S A, BRADFORD M A. Direct effects of soil organic matter on productivity mirror those observed with organic amendments[J]. Plant Soil, 2018, 423(1/2):363-373.DOI: 10.1007/s11104-017-3513-5.
[12]
MAHMOOD R, HUBBARD K G. Relationship between soil moisture of near surface and multiple depths of the root zone under heterogeneous land uses and varying hydroclimatic conditions[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2007, 21(25):3449-3462.DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6578.
[13]
王邵军, 李霁航, 陆梅, 等. “AM真菌-根系-土壤”耦合作用机制研究进展[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2019,39(12):1-9.
WANG S J, LI J H, LU M, et al. Advance on the mechanism of coupling interactions among AM fungi,roots and soils[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2019,39(12):1-9.DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2019.12.001.
[14]
EHRENFELD J G, RAVIT B, ELGERSMA K. Feedback in the plant-soil system[J]. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2005, 30(1):75-115.DOI: 10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144212.
[15]
MOINET G Y K, MIDWOOD A J, HUNT J E, et al. Estimates of rhizosphere priming effects are affected by soil disturbance[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 313:1-6.DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.027.
[16]
HARDIE K. The effect of removal of extraradical hyphae on water uptake by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal plants[J]. New Phytologist, 1985, 101(4):677-684.DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02873.x.
[17]
LI Y M, WANG S J, LU M, et al. Rhizosphere interactions between earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase nutrient availability and plant growth in the desertification soils[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 186:146-151.DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2018.10.016.
[18]
刘润进, 李晓林. 丛枝菌根及其应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000:1-7.
LIU R J, LI X L. Arbuscular mycorrhiza and its application[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2000:1-7.
[19]
向丹, 徐天乐, 李欢, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌的生态分布及其影响因子研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 2017,37(11):3597-3606.
XIANG D, XU T L, LI H, et al. Ecological distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the influencing factors[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinic, 2017,37(11):3597-3606.DOI: 10.5846/stxb201603280563.
[20]
PAUSCH J, KUZYAKOV Y. Carbon input by roots into the soil: quantification of rhizodeposition from root to ecosystem scale[J]. Global Change Biology, 2018, 24(1):1-12.DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13850.
[21]
XIAO L, LIU G B, LI P, et al. Direct and indirect effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen addition on soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere ofBothriochloa ischaemum[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2019, 19(11):3679-3687.DOI: 10.1007/s11368-019-02336-0.
[22]
VAN WYK D A B, ADELEKE R, RHODE O H J, et al. Ecological guild and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil microbial communities associated with Bt-maize cultivation under field conditions in North West Province of South Africa[J]. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2017, 57(9):781-792.DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700043.
[23]
EGLI M, MIRABELLA A, SARTORI G. The role of climate and vegetation in weathering and clay mineral formation in late Quaternary soils of the Swiss and Italian Alps[J]. Geomorphology, 2008, 102(3/4):307-324.DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.04.001.
[24]
宋金凤, 汝佳鑫, 张红光, 等. 地衣和地衣酸与岩石矿物风化及其机制研究进展[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019,43(4):169-177.
SONG J F, RU J X, ZHANG H G, et al. Research progress on lichens,lichenic acids,rock and mineral weathering and its mechanisms[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2019,43(4):169-177.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201806030.
[25]
BHAT K K S, NYE P H. Diffusion of phosphate to plant roots in soil-I. Quantitative autoradiography of the depletion zone[J]. Plant & Soil, 1973, 38(1):161-175.
[26]
AMBRIZ E, BÁEZ-PÉREZ A, SÁNCHEZ-YÁÑEZ J M, et al. Fraxinus-Glomus-Pisolithus symbiosis:plant growth and soil aggregation effects[J]. Pedobiologia, 2010, 53(6):369-373.DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.07.001.
[27]
周文杰, 吕德国, 秦嗣军. 植物与根际微生物相互作用关系研究进展[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2016,38(3):253-260.
ZHOU W J, LU D G, QIN S J. Research progress in interaction between plant and rhizosphere microorganisms[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2016,38(3):253-260.DOI: 10.13327/j.jjlau.2016.3073.
[28]
ALIKU O, OSHUNSANYA S O. Assessment of the SOILWAT model for predicting soil hydro-physical characteristics in three agro-ecological zones in Nigeria[J]. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2018, 6(2):131-142.DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.01.003.
[29]
JACOBS L M, SULMAN B N, BRZOSTEK E R, et al. Interactions among decaying leaf litter,root litter and soil organic matter vary with mycorrhizal type[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2018, 106(2):502-513.DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12921.
[30]
WANG S J, RUAN H H, WANG B. Effects of soil microarthropods on plant litter decomposition across an elevation gradient in the Wuyi Mountains[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009, 41(5):891-897.DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.12.016.
[31]
杨玉盛, 郭剑芬, 陈银秀, 等. 福建柏和杉木人工林凋落物分解及养分动态的比较[J]. 林业科学, 2004,40(3):19-25.
YANG Y S, GUO J F, CHEN Y X, et al. Comparatively study on litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics between plantations of Fokienia hodginsii and Cunninghamia lanceolata [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004,40(3):19-25.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2004.03.003.
[32]
COTRUFO M F, WALLENSTEIN M D, BOOT C M, et al. The microbial efficiency-matrix stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization:do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter?[J]. Global Change Biology, 2013, 19(4):988-995.DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12113.
[33]
VAN DE VOORDE T F J, VAN DER PUTTEN W H, BEZEMER T M. The importance of plant-soil interactions,soil nutrients,and plant life history traits for the temporal dynamics of Jacobaea vulgaris in a chronosequence of old-fields[J]. Oikos, 2012, 121(8):1251-1262.DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19964.x.
[34]
ŠMILAUEROVÁ M. Plant root response to heterogeneity of soil resources: effects of nutrient patches,AM symbiosis,and species composition[J]. Folia Geobotanica, 2001, 36(4):337-351.DOI: 10.1007/bf02899985.
[35]
王邵军, 阮宏华. 土壤生物对地上生物的反馈作用及其机制[J]. 生物多样性, 2008,16(4):407-416.
摘要
长期以来对陆地生态系统的研究主要集中于地上部分。由于测度上的困难, 人们对地下部分(belowground)的认识还处于相当模糊的状态。当今的生态学家已经越来越强烈地认识到, 地上生态系统与地下生态系统存在着不可分割的相互联系。100多年来的研究表明, 作为地下生态系统最活跃部分的土壤生物, 是联结地上部分与地下部分物质循环和能量流动的纽带, 对地上部分的结构、功能及过程起着重要的反馈调控作用。土壤生物受资源的时空异质性、营养的可获得性以及非生物因素的选择性所驱动, 通过直接作用于根系, 或通过改变养分的矿化速率及其在土壤中的空间分布, 改变植物根际的激素状况以及土壤环境等间接作用方式, 对地上生物产生正、负反馈作用。因此, 从土壤生物和地上生物的相互作用过程、土壤生物功能群及土壤食物网等角度分析土壤生物反馈作用的时空尺度、生物组织形式、方式、模型、驱动因素及其机制, 能为理解地下生态学过程、维持生态系统稳定性以及制定生物多样性保护策略提供参考, 并有助于理解全球变化下陆地生态系统结构及功能的动态和响应过程。
WANG S J, RUAN H H. Feedback mechanisms of soil biota to aboveground biology in terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2008,16(4):407-416.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.2008.04.012.
[36]
WARDLE D. Communities and ecosystems: linking the aboveground and belowground components[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.
[37]
VAN DER HEIJDEN M G A, KLIRONOMOS J N, URSIC M, et al. Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity,ecosystem variability and productivity[J]. Nature, 1998, 396(6706):69-72.DOI: 10.1038/23932.
[38]
HEEMSBERGEN D A. Biodiversity effects on soil processes explained by interspecific functional dissimilarity[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5698):1019-1020.DOI: 10.1126/science.1101865.
[39]
马洁怡, 王金平, 张金池, 等. 沿海造林树种根际丛枝菌根真菌与土壤因子的通径分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019,43(4):139-147.
MA J Y, WANG J P, ZHANG J C, et al. Path analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil factors in coastal afforestation tree species[J]. J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci Ed), 2019,43(4):139-147.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201901012.
[40]
WANG S J, RUAN H H, HAN Y. Effects of microclimate,litter type,and mesh size on leaf litter decomposition along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi Mountains, China[J]. Ecological Research, 2010, 25(6):1113-1120.DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0736-9.
[41]
FARRAR J, HAWES M, JONES D, et al. How roots control the flux of carbon to the rhizosphere[J]. Ecology, 2003, 84(4):827-837.DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0827:hrctfo]2.0.co;2.
[42]
SALMON S. The impact of earthworms on the abundance of Collembola:improvement of food resources or of habitat?[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2004, 40(5):323-333.DOI: 10.1007/s00374-004-0782-y.
[43]
郝玉琢, 周磊, 吴慧, 等. 4种类型水曲柳人工林叶片-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征比较[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019,43(4):101-108.
HAO Y Z, ZHOU L, WU H, et al. Comparison of ecological stoichiometric characteristics of leaf-litter-soil in four types of Fraxinus mandshurica plantations [J]. J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci Ed), 2019,43(4):101-108.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201806021.
[44]
VINCENOT C E, CARTENÌ F, BONANOMI G, et al. Plant-soil negative feedback explains vegetation dynamics and patterns at multiple scales[J]. Oikos, 2017, 126(9):1319-1328.DOI: 10.1111/oik.04149.

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(31660191)
国家自然科学基金项目(41461052)
国家林业局“948”项目(2015-4-39)

编辑: 王国栋

版权

版权所有,未经授权,不得转载、摘编本刊文章,不得使用本刊的版式设计。
PDF(2021 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

段落导航
相关文章

/