
AM真菌对盐碱胁迫下杜梨幼苗生长与生理代谢的影响
姜磊, 李焕勇, 张芹, 张会龙, 乔艳辉, 张华新, 杨秀艳
南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6) : 152-160.
AM真菌对盐碱胁迫下杜梨幼苗生长与生理代谢的影响
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on the growth and physiological metabolism of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge seedlings under saline-alkaline stress
【目的】探究接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)对盐碱胁迫下杜梨幼苗生长与生理代谢及耐盐碱能力的影响,为杜梨菌根苗在盐碱地上植被构建中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用双因素试验设计,以1年生杜梨实生苗为材料,将幼苗分为AMF(摩西管柄囊霉,Funneliformis mosseae)接种和未接种两组,以Na2CO3同时进行盐碱处理(浓度梯度为0、100、200和300 mmol/L),并测定其生长与生理性状。【结果】接种AMF提高了盐碱胁迫下杜梨幼苗的株高生长量(△H)以及生物量积累,与未接种幼苗相比,接种组幼苗的△H和生物量在盐碱胁迫下降低的幅度显著减小。丛枝菌根在一定程度上降低了Na+在杜梨根和叶的积累,在3个Na2CO3浓度处理下,接种组幼苗根中Na+的含量分别比未接种组低10.8%、21.6%和19.4%,从而提高了接种组幼苗根和叶中K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+、Mg2+/Na+的比值以维持较好的离子平衡状态。接种AMF可以提高盐碱胁迫下杜梨幼苗叶的叶绿素含量,降低脯氨酸和丙二醛在叶中的积累,表明接种AMF可以减轻盐碱胁迫对杜梨造成的离子毒害与过氧化伤害。【结论】AMF直接影响盐碱胁迫下杜梨幼苗生理代谢,提高其光合色素含量,维持其体内离子相对平衡,减少活性氧伤害,从而提高了杜梨幼苗的耐盐碱能力,促进其在盐碱胁迫下的生长。
【Objective】To provide a scientific guidance for the application of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge rhizome seedlings in afforestation of saline-alkaline lands, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth and physiological characteristics in P. betulaefolia Bunge seedlings under saline-alkaline stress were investigated. 【Method】A two-factor experimental design was conducted to compare the impacts of AMF inoculation and saline-alkaline stress on the growth and physiological metabolism on one-year-old P. betulaefolia Bunge seedlings. The seedlings were divided into two groups [AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) inoculated and non-inoculated] and were treated with Na2CO3 (concentration gradient: 0, 100, 200 and 300 mmol/L) at the same time, and their growth and physiological characteristics were measured. 【Result】The AMF significantly increased plant height growth and biomass accumulation of P. betulaefolia Bunge seedlings under the Na2CO3 treatment. The decrease of △H and biomass under the salt-alkali stress was inhibited by AMF inoculation. AMF inoculation significantly affected the absorption and distribution of K+, Na+,Ca2+ and Mg2+ in P. betulaefolia Bunge. Na+ content in seedling roots of the inoculated was 10.8%, 21.6% and 19.4 lower than that of the non-inoculated under 3 different Na2CO3 concentrations, respectively. The K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+ and Mg2+/Na+ ratios in the roots and leaves of seedlings inoculated with AMF were higher than those of the seedlings without inoculation because of the decline of Na+ absorption. Inoculation with AMF can reduce proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increase the chlorophyll contents in seedling leaves, indicating that AMF can alleviate the oxidative damage and ion toxicity of saline-alkali stress on seedlings. 【Conclusion】It is conclude that AMF inoculation increased the content of photosynthetic pigment, maintained the relative ions balance in the plant and alleviate the oxidative stress, thus improving the salt-alkali tolerance and promoting the seedlings growth of P. betulaefolia Bunge under saline-alkaline stress.
盐碱胁迫 / 杜梨 / 丛枝菌根真菌 / 离子平衡 / 耐盐碱
saline-alkaline stress / Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge / arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) / ion homeostasis / salt-alkali tolerance
[1] |
|
[2] |
王春娜, 宫伟光. 盐碱地改良的研究进展[J].防护林科技, 2004(5):38-41.
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
朱凌骏, 傅致远, 张金池, 等. 菌根真菌对榉树光合特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,42(6):121-127.
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
韩冰, 贺超兴, 郭世荣. 丛枝菌根真菌对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗滲透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 西北植物学报. 2011,31(12):2492-2497.
|
[9] |
蒲富慎. 梨种质资源及其研究[J].中国果树, 1988(2):42-46.
|
[10] |
张晓晓. 杜梨盐胁迫下的生理响应及耐盐性资源筛选[D]. 保定:河北农业大学, 2015.
|
[11] |
路斌, 贺妍, 朱玉菲, 等. 盐胁迫对杜梨生长及细胞保护酶活性的影响[C]//中国观赏园艺研究进展.北京: 中国林业出版社, 2016: 309-313.
|
[12] |
王发园, 刘润进. 黄河三角洲盐碱地的丛枝菌根真菌[J]. 菌物系统, 2002,12(2):196-202.
|
[13] |
谢越, 杨高文, 周翰舒, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌研究中土壤灭菌方法综述[J]. 草业科学, 2012,29(5):724-732.
|
[14] |
盛萍萍, 刘润进, 李敏. 丛枝菌根观察与侵染率测定方法的比较[J]. 菌物学报, 2011,30(4):519-525.
|
[15] |
黄帆, 郭正元, 徐珍. 测定浮萍叶绿素含量的方法研究[J]. 实验技术与管理, 2007,24(5):29-31.
|
[16] |
Plant responses to salinity stress are reviewed with emphasis on molecular mechanisms of signal transduction and on the physiological consequences of altered gene expression that affect biochemical reactions downstream of stress sensing. We make extensive use of comparisons with model organisms, halophytic plants, and yeast, which provide a paradigm for many responses to salinity exhibited by stress-sensitive plants. Among biochemical responses, we emphasize osmolyte biosynthesis and function, water flux control, and membrane transport of ions for maintenance and re-establishment of homeostasis. The advances in understanding the effectiveness of stress responses, and distinctions between pathology and adaptive advantage, are increasingly based on transgenic plant and mutant analyses, in particular the analysis of Arabidopsis mutants defective in elements of stress signal transduction pathways. We summarize evidence for plant stress signaling systems, some of which have components analogous to those that regulate osmotic stress responses of yeast. There is evidence also of signaling cascades that are not known to exist in the unicellular eukaryote, some that presumably function in intercellular coordination or regulation of effector genes in a cell-/tissue-specific context required for tolerance of plants. A complex set of stress-responsive transcription factors is emerging. The imminent availability of genomic DNA sequences and global and cell-specific transcript expression data, combined with determinant identification based on gain- and loss-of-function molecular genetics, will provide the infrastructure for functional physiological dissection of salt tolerance determinants in an organismal context. Furthermore, protein interaction analysis and evaluation of allelism, additivity, and epistasis allow determination of ordered relationships between stress signaling components. Finally, genetic activation and suppression screens will lead inevitably to an understanding of the interrelationships of the multiple signaling systems that control stress-adaptive responses in plants.
|
[17] |
孙玉芳, 宋福强, 常伟, 等. 盐碱胁迫下AM真菌对沙枣苗木生长和生理的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2016,52(6):18-27.
|
[18] |
申连英, 毛永民, 鹿金颖, 等. 丛枝菌根对酸枣实生苗耐盐性的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2004,41(3):426-433.
|
[19] |
徐瑶, 樊艳, 俞云鹤, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌对盐胁迫下红花幼苗生长及耐盐生理指标的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2014,33(12):3395-3402.
|
[20] |
夏阳, 梁慧敏, 王太明, 等. 盐胁迫对苹果器官中钙镁铁锌含量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005,16(3):431-434.
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
韩婷婷, 王维华, 郭绍霞. AM真菌对彩叶草光合特性的影响[J]. 青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2011,28(1):9-12.
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
王英男, 陶爽, 华晓雨, 等. 盐碱胁迫下AM 真菌对羊草生长及生理代谢的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2018,38(6):2187-2194.
|
[30] |
刘友良, 毛才良, 汪良驹. 植物耐盐性研究进展[J].植物生理学通讯, 1987(4):1-7.
|
[31] |
We studied the effect of salinity on amino acid, proline and glycine betaine accumulation in leaves of different stages of development in durum wheat under high and low nitrogen supply. Our results suggest that protective compounds against salt stress are accumulated in all leaves. The major metabolites are glycine betaine, which preferentially accumulates in younger tissues, and proline, which is found predominantly in older tissues. Proline tended to accumulate early, at the onset of the stress, while glycine betaine accumulation was observed during prolonged stress. Nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) are positively correlated with these compatible solutes: proline is associated with NR in the oldest leaves of high-nitrate plants and glycine betaine is associated with GOGAT in the youngest leaves of both low- and high-nitrate plants. In high-nitrate conditions proline accounts for more than 39% of the osmotic adjustment in the cytoplasmic compartments of old leaves. Its nitrogen-dependent accumulation may offer an important advantage in that it can be metabolised to allow reallocation of energy, carbon and nitrogen from the older leaves to the younger tissues. The contribution of glycine betaine is higher in young leaves and is independent of nitrogen nutrition.
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
|
[34] |
邵红雨, 孔广超, 齐军仓, 等. 植物耐盐生理生化特性的研究进展[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2006,12(9) : 51-53.
|
[35] |
Salinity stress affected crop production of more than 20% of irrigated land globally. In the present study the effect of different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mM) on growth, physio-biochemical attributes, antioxidant enzymes, oil content, etc. in Brassica juncea and the protective role of Trichoderma harzianum (TH) was investigated. Salinity stress deteriorates growth, physio-biochemical attributes, that ultimately leads to decreased biomass yield in mustard seedlings. Higher concentration of NaCl (200 mM) decreased the plant height by 33.7%, root length by 29.7% and plant dry weight (DW) by 34.5%. On the other hand, supplementation of TH to NaCl treated mustard seedlings showed elevation by 13.8, 11.8, and 16.7% in shoot, root length and plant DW respectively as compared to plants treated with NaCl (200 mM) alone. Oil content was drastically affected by NaCl treatment; however, TH added plants showed enhanced oil percentage from 19.4 to 23.4% in the present study. NaCl also degenerate the pigment content and the maximum drop of 52.0% was recorded in Chl. 'a'. Enhanced pigment content was observed by the application of TH to NaCl treated plants. Proline content showed increase by NaCl stress and maximum accumulation of 59.12% was recorded at 200 mM NaCl. Further enhancement to 70.37% in proline content was recorded by supplementation of TH. NaCl stress (200 mM) affirms the increase in H2O2 by 69.5% and MDA by 36.5%, but reduction in the accumulation is recorded by addition of TH to mustard seedlings. 200 mM NaCl elevated SOD, POD, APX, GR, GST, GPX, GSH, and GSSG in the present study. Further enhancement was observed by the application of TH to the NaCl fed seedlings. NaCl stress suppresses the uptake of important elements in both roots and shoots, however, addition of TH restored the elemental uptake in the present study. Mustard seedlings treated with NaCl and TH showed restricted Na uptake as compared to seedlings treated with NaCl alone. In conclusion, TH proved to be very beneficial in imparting resistance to the mustard plants against NaCl stress through improved uptake of essential elements, modulation of osmolytes and antioxidants.
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
[38] |
吴强盛, 邹英宁, 夏仁学.水分胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对红橘呈片活性氧代谢的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2007,18(4) 825-830.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |