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4个杜梨半同胞家系苗期耐盐性分析
Salt tolerance of four half-sib families of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge from coastal areas
【目的】研究4个杜梨半同胞家系耐盐性差异,为沿海地区杜梨耐盐品种的筛选和推广提供参考。【方法】以滨海地区采集的4个杜梨半同胞家系实生苗为试材[编号为盐城(YC)、青岛20(QD20)、青岛14(QD14)和连云港(LYG)],采用室内盆栽方法,以不同浓度NaCl(质量分数梯度为0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%)进行盐胁迫处理,通过对其存活率、苗高、地径、生物量及根冠比、细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量和光合特性等生长和生理指标测定,分析4个杜梨半同胞家系耐受盐胁迫的能力,并运用因子分析和隶属函数法对4个家系的耐盐性进行综合评价。【结果】随着盐胁迫浓度升高,4个杜梨家系幼苗成活率均逐渐降低,其中YC成活率最高;根冠比呈先上升后下降的趋势,YC和QD14在0.6%盐处理下达到最大值,而QD20和LYG分别在0.2%和0.4%下达最大值;各家系的苗高、地径和总生物量均受到显著抑制,在0.2%盐处理处理下,YC降幅最小,同比对照分别降低了37.00%、18.69%和24.98%,而LYG的苗高增量和总生物量降幅最大,分别降低了95.42%和50.71%;4个杜梨家系叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量变化趋势一致,均随着胁迫浓度升高而降低,其中YC降幅最小,而LYG降幅最大;叶片细胞膜透性却逐渐升高,与对照相比,4个杜梨家系叶片膜透性在0.6%处理水平下均显著升高,其中LYG和QD14升幅较大,分别达到231.11%和238.97%,而YC和QD20的升幅较小,分别为67.77%和98.42%;4个杜梨家系叶片胞间二氧化碳浓度变化存在差异,随着盐处理水平升高,LYG和QD20呈先降低后升高的趋势,YC则一直降低,而QD14与YC相反。经因子分析和隶属函数分析,4个杜梨家系耐盐强弱依次为盐城>青岛14>青岛20>连云港。【结论】4个杜梨半同胞家系的耐盐性存在明显差异,盐城家系的综合耐盐能力最强,其次为青岛14和青岛20,连云港家系最弱。
【Objective】This research investigated the differences of salt tolerance among four half-sib families of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge in order to provide a reference for the selection and promotion of salt tolerant varieties in coastal areas.【Method】The seedlings of 4 half-sib families collected from coastal areas were used as test materials[No. YC, QD20, QD14 and LYG], which were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%) through indoor soil culture and pot culture experiments. The growth and physiology indicators were measured to analyze the salt tolerance ability among four half-sib families of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge such as the survival rate, biomass, root/shoot ratio, cell membrane permeability, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics. The salt tolerance of four families was comprehensively evaluated by a factor analysis and membership function method.【Result】With the increase of salt stress concentration, the survival rate of seedlings of four Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge families decreased gradually, of which YC was the highest. The root/shoot ratio increased first and then decreased. YC and QD14 reached the maximum value at 0.6% salt concentration, while QD20 and LYG reached the maximum value at 0.2% and 0.4% salt concentration respectively. Compared with the control, the seedling height, ground diameter and the total biomass of each family were significantly inhibited at 0.2% and YC decreased the least by 37.00%, 18.69% and 24.98%, respectively. The seedling height increment and the total biomass of LYG decreased the most by 95.42% and 50.71%, respectively. With the increase of stress concentration, the change trends of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of four Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge families were the same and they all decreased, among which there indexes of YC decreased the least and those of LYG decreased the most. The membrane permeability of four families increased gradually and it decreased significantly at the level of 0.6%, among which the increases of LYG and QD14 were larger, reaching 231.11% and 238.97% respectively but the increase of YC and QD20 was smaller, reaching 67.77% and 98.42% respectively. The changes of intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of leaves of four families were different with the increase of salt treatment level. LYG and QD20 showed a trend from a decline to a rise and YC presented the downward trend all the time, while QD14 was opposite to YC. Through the factor analysis and membership function analysis, the salt tolerance of the four families was in order of Yancheng > Qingdao14 > Qingdao20 > Lianyungang.【Conclusion】There were significant differences in salt tolerance among four half-sib families of Pyrus betulaefolia. The comprehensive salt tolerance of Yancheng family was the strongest followed by Qingdao 14 and Qingdao 20 and the Lianyungang family was the weakest.
Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge / half-sib families / salt tolerance / subordination function method
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【目的】 研究盐胁迫对2种菠萝蜜属植物幼苗生长和光合荧光特性的影响,为热带盐碱地开发利用,发展岛礁特色农业提供参考。【方法】 以两种菠萝蜜属植物菠萝蜜（Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.）和面包果（Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg）为材料,采用沙培法,从3叶期开始进行盐胁迫（处理设为T0—T4,盐浓度分别为0、3.4、10.2、17.0和23.8 g?kg -1）,研究盐胁迫下菠萝蜜和面包果幼苗生长、光合及叶绿素荧光参数的变化。 【结果】 盐胁迫显著抑制菠萝蜜幼苗生长、叶绿素含量和生物量积累,对面包果的抑制作用小于菠萝蜜。盐胁迫使菠萝蜜叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和蒸腾速率（Tr）降低,气孔抑制率（Ls）增加,面包果的变化幅度较菠萝蜜小。高盐胁迫（盐浓度>17.0 g?kg -1）显著抑制菠萝蜜叶片光化学猝灭系数（qP）、光系统Ⅱ活性（Fv/Fo）、潜在最大光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光能转换效率（ΦPSⅡ）、相对电子传递效率（rETR）;使面包果叶片qP、非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）、ΦPSⅡ和rETR显著下降。叶绿素含量与光合参数呈显著正相关关系。盐胁迫、叶绿素含量和净光合速率以及它们之间交互作用解释作物生物量变化的比例为35.6%。 【结论】 盐胁迫显著抑制菠萝蜜幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、光合参数和生物量积累;面包果的光合参数和生物量在高浓度盐胁迫下较敏感。盐胁迫、叶绿素含量和净光合速率的变化与两种菠萝蜜属植物生物量变化密切相关。
【Objective】The effects of salt stress on the growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of the seedlings of two Artocarpus species were studied in order to provide a reference for the utilization of tropical saline-alkali land and the development of characteristic agriculture on islands. 【Method】 Jackfruit and breadfruit, two Artocarpus varieties, were selected and cultivated in sea sand. The sea water solution was applied at 3-leaf full expanding stage and the salt concentration was 0, 3.4, 10.2, 17.0 and 23.8 g?kg -1, named as T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The variation of growth, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence of jackfruit and breadfruit seedlings under salt stress were investigated. 【Result】 Salt stress significantly inhibited the growth, chlorophyll content and biomass accumulation of jackfruit, and the inhibition effect on breadfruit was less than that of jackfruit. The parameters, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of jackfruit, were decreased under salt stress, while the stomatal inhibition (Ls) was increased. The parameters of breadfruit changed less than that of jackfruit. High salt stress (salt concentration>17.0 g?kg -1) significantly inhibited the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), PSII activity (Fv/Fo), potential maximum light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual light energy conversion efficiency (ΦPSII), relative electron transfer efficiency (rETR) of jackfruit, and significantly decreased qP, non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), ΦPSII and rETR of breadfruit. There was a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters. The proportion of salt stress, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and their mutual interaction to explain the change of biomass was 35.6%. 【Conclusion】 Salt stress significantly inhibited the growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters and biomass of jackfruit seedlings, while the photosynthetic parameters and biomass of breadfruit were sensitive to high salt stress. The changes of salt stress, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate were closely related to the biomass variation of two Artocarpus varieties.
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研究不同浓度（0、50、100、150 mmol·L-1）NaCl胁迫处理对3个黄瓜砧木（超级拳王南瓜、黑籽南瓜、超丰8848瓠瓜）幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明，随着NaCl浓度增加，3个黄瓜砧木幼苗的地上部干鲜质量、株高、叶片数、叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率逐渐降低。高盐（150 mmol·L-1 NaCl）胁迫下，超级拳王的初始荧光（Fo）和黑籽南瓜的光化学猝灭系数（qP）显著降低，而超丰8848瓠瓜的qP显著升高。与对照相比，盐胁迫下3个砧木幼苗叶片的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)没有降低，PSⅡ电子传递量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）无显著差异。盐胁迫下超级拳王和黑籽南瓜的叶绿素a/b比值不变，超丰8848瓠瓜的叶绿素a/b比值显著下降。
The effects of NaCl stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mmol·L-1) on the growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of three cucumber rootstock seedlings (Cucurbita moschata Duch. 'Chaoji Quanwang', Cucurbita ficifolia 'Heizi Nangua', Lagenaria siceraria Standl. var. clavata Makino 'Chaofeng 8848') were investigated. The results showed that the dry and fresh mass of shoot, plant height, leaf number, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of three cucumber rootstock seedlings decreased gradually with increasing of NaCl concentrations. The initial fluorescence yield (Fo) of 'Chaoji Quanwang' and the photochemical quenching (qP) of 'Heizi Nangua' decreased significantly, whereas qP of 'Chaofeng 8848' increased significantly under higher salt stress (150 mmol·L-1 NaCl). The maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) did not decrease and there was no significant difference in the quantum efficiency of PSⅡ photochemistry (ΦPSⅡ) under NaCl stress. The chlorophyll a/b ratio of 'Chaoji Quanwang' and 'Heizi Nangua' seedlings did not change significantly under NaCl salt stress, whereas that of 'Chaofeng 8848' decreased significantly.
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