【目的】了解杉木优树群体的开花物候和花期同步性,选择同步性指数高的无性系,指导交配设计和种子园的亲本选择。【方法】基于固定样株观测法,划分杉木优树94个嫁接无性系的雌雄球花类型与物候;利用花期同步指数,分析不同花期类型的同步性。【结果】雌球花平均比雄球花提前3 d进入花期,雌球花和雄球花初期持续时间约为1~8和1~9 d,平均约4 d后进入盛期,盛期为2~20和2~13 d,平均10和6 d后进入末期。全雌型、偏雌型、中性型、偏雄型和全雄型生殖特征无性系比例分别为3.2%、4.3%、5.3%、72.3%和14.9%。无性系作为父本和母本的平均同步指数为0.097~0.561和0.128~0.630。7 280种不同交配组合中,同步指数的最小和最大值分别为0和0.976,其中,58%的无性系花期同步指数大于0.5,“早花型×早花型”、“中花型×早花型”和“中花型×中花型”则均大于0.64。【结论】花期物候在无性系之间存在差异,气候条件影响雌雄球花的分化,早花型和中花型具有较高的花期同步指数。

【Objective】This paper aimed to understand the flowering phenology and synchrony of elite trees of Chinese fir and to select clones with a high synchronization index to guide the parent selection of mating design and seed orchards.【Method】Fixed samples was adopted to classify the male and female flower types and phenology of 94 grafted clones of Chinese fir elite trees; the flowering synchronization index was used to analyze the synchronization of different flowering types.【Result】The female flowers entered the flowering period on average three days earlier than the male cones. The initial duration of the female and male flowers was about 1-8 and 1-9 days, and the peak period was about four days later, lasting 2-20 and 2-13 days. After 10 and 6 days, it became the final stage; the proportions of clones with all female, partial female, neutral, partial male and all male were 3.2%, 4.3%, 5.3%, 72.3% and 14.9%, respectively. As father and mother of the hybrid parent, the average synchronization index was between 0.097-0.561 and 0.128-0.630. Among 7 280 mating combinations, the minimum and maximum values of the synchronization index were 0 and 0.976, respectively, and the flowering synchronization index of 58% clones was higher than 0.5, which of “early type × early type”, “middle type × early type” and “middle type × middle type” were all higher than 0.64.【Conclusion】There are differences in flowering among clones, and climatic conditions affect the differentiation of male and female flowers. The early type and middle type possess higher flowering synchronization indexes.