【目的】基于使用者的心理感知,定量评估影响城市滨水景观质量的关键因素,为城市滨水景观质量的优化提供参考。【方法】以南京市秦淮河中华门段为研究对象,运用语义分析(SD)法从使用者的心理角度出发,对秦淮河中华门段的滨水景观进行质量评价。从景观、生态、人文3个方面制定评价因子,针对各评价因子对使用者进行问卷调查收集数据,并运用SPSS软件进行分析。【结果】使用者对秦淮河中华门段滨水景观的亲水性、岸线形态、景观美感度、环境整洁度以及历史文化延续性的评价较高,对视域宽广度、环境视觉趣味性、植被覆盖率和娱乐活动多样性的评价较低。基于评价结果认为,影响滨水景观质量的重要因素为公众参与度、植物多样性和河流水质,结合秦淮河中华门段景观现状,提出:①提高秦淮河中华门段滨水景观与地域文化的融合,突出秦淮河景观的独特性,增强游人的归属感;②重视公共参与度,加强公众参与的主动性和有效性,同时丰富秦淮河中华门段的空间功能,增强滨水景观的活力;③进一步加强对秦淮河水质的保护与治理,提高植被覆盖率,并充分利用水生植物来营造滨水生态景观,给游人近自然的生态体验。【结论】通过对感知对象的评价,引入SD法分析游人心理感知为评价城市滨水景观质量提供了可参考的研究路径,有助于聚焦城市滨水景观效能的科学分析,推动城市滨水生态景观的可持续发展,也为未来城市滨水景观的优化提供了参考思路。

【Objective】Based on the psychological perception of users, the key factors affecting the quality of the urban waterfront landscape are evaluated by quantitative methods, so as to provide a reference direction for the optimization of the urban waterfront landscape quality. 【Method】This paper took Zhonghuamen section of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing as the research object, and uses Semantic Differential (SD) method to evaluate the quality of the waterfront landscape of Zhonghuamen section of the Qinhuai River from the psychological perspective of users. Evaluation factors were developed from three aspects of landscape, ecology and humanity. Questionnaires were conducted on users for each evaluation factor to collect data and SPSS software was used for a further analysis of the data. 【Result】The results show that the waterfront landscape in Zhonghuamen section of the Qinhuai River is highly evaluated by the users for its hydrophilicity, coastline form, landscape aesthetic degree, cleanliness of the environment and historical and cultural continuity, but less evaluated for its visual range, environmental visual interest, vegetation coverage rate and recreational activity diversity. Based on the evaluation results, it is concluded that the important factors affecting the waterfront landscape quality are public participation, plant diversity and river water quality. In combination with the landscape status of Zhonghuamen Section of the Qinhuai River, it is proposed to improve the integration of the waterfront landscape and regional culture, highlight the uniqueness of the Qinhuai River landscape and enhance the sense of belonging of visitors. Secondly, it is proposed to attach importance to public participation, strengthen the initiative and effectiveness of public participation, enrich the space function of Zhonghuamen section of the Qinhuai River and enhance the vitality of the waterfront landscape. Thirdly, it is proposed to strengthen the protection and treatment of the Qinhuai River water quality, improve the vegetation coverage, and make full use of aquatic plants to create the waterfront ecological landscape in order to give visitors ecological experience of getting close to nature. 【Conclusion】Through the evaluation of perceived objects, the introduction of SD method to analyze visitors’ psychological perception provides a reference path for the quality evaluation of the urban waterfront landscape, which is helpful to focus on the scientific analysis of urban waterfront landscape efficiency and promote the sustainable development of the urban waterfront landscape. This evaluation method can provide a reference for the optimization of the urban waterfront landscape in the future.