Abstract: The study of the variation of seed vigor of Chinese fir was started in 1975 and completed in 1979. The main results of this study were as fellews:1. Variation of seed vigor of Chinese fir proved highly significant. According to the variation of seed vigor, the seeds of Chinese fir can be classified into three types, i. e. "heathy", "tannin-like substanced" and "empty" .2- The difference of between-done (or family) and between-crown layer are very significant as shown by F-test for the healthy seeds and tannin-like substanced seeds, but are not significant for the empty seeds.3. According to the results of the diallel tests shown in this study, seed vigor is obviously under the s. c. a. control in Cunninghamia lanceolata (hBI2 = 0.47-0.67,hB2F= 0.93-0.97).4. Both seed traits of the healthy seeds and the tannin-like substanced seeds were under control of some g. c. a., with an individual and fimaly narrow-sense herita: bility of 0.23, 0.09 and 0.33, 0.18 respectively.5. Our study showed that the selfing effects were the main factor in determining the number of the tannin-like substanced seeds in the clonal seed orchard.