Abstract: In the field of genetic improvement of Chinese Fir these has been an effective co-operation between the research workers of Nanjing Technological College of Forest Products and those of the Company of Foresty Seed ?Seedling Management of Fu-jian Province since 1964. After the completion of the work on the improvement of the first generation orchard, they began to focus their attention on the improvement of the second generation. The authors of this paper not only introduced their results achieved since 1970s but also tried to relate and sum up from the viewpoints of the: ory as well as practice some basic problems in this field. The problems mainly deal with the following aspects:(1) Three basic conclusions of genetic variation model of Chinese Fir Three basic conclusions of genetic variation model of Chinese Fir have been drawn, of which the most important one is the irregularity of the geographic variation in their dis, tribution area. Under the pressure of natural and artificial selection; large populations in different geographic areas will be devided into many sub-populations and conse quently different sub-population centres will gradually be formed, nevertheless the authors suggested that at present, close attention should be devoted to the selection of superious plantations and plustree in sub-population in certain geographic areas to get a better economic benifit.( 2 ) The basic ways of genetic improvement is still selection breeding A brief introduction to the efficiency of selection breeding work on Chinese Fir was made, and the possible ways to raise the efficiency of selection further also discussed.