Abstract: The fatty acid compositions in phospholipids isolated from the leaves of two varieties of azalea with different chillingresistance were investigated. The two varieties of azalea were Rhododen dron mucronatum G. Don and R. hybridum Hort. In the leaf phosphlipids of azalea, the major phospholipids classes were phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanlamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol(PG) and phosphatidylinostitol (PI). The fatty acid compositions were 16∶0, 16∶1(t), 18∶0, 18∶1, 18∶2 and 18∶3. The results showed that both the degree of unsaturated fatty acid in leaf phospholipids and thd level of saturated fatty acid in PG were related to the chillingresistance. The ratio of the unsaturated/ the saturated in the leaf phospholipids from chillingresistant variety Snow Azalea was higher and the level of saturated fatty acids Σ[16∶0+18∶0+16∶1(t)] of PG from it was lower than those of R. hybridum Hort.