Abstract: Based on 28 Primers which are of stable polymorphism selected from 100 random primers, RAPD polymorphism of 34 sweet osmanthus(Osmanthus fragrans)cultivars, 6 individuals from wild population and 5 other species of Osmanthus, and their relationships were detected. Among a total of 231 fragments observed, 209 fragments were polymorphic (90.4%). There were obvious differentiation among different goup in polymorphism, and the order was as follows: Latifolius Group>Fragrans Group and Thunbergii Group>Auran-tiacus Group. The results of cluster analysis were consistent with morphological classification by and large. A DNA fingerprinting based on 21 bands amplified with All and M18 was constructed and might be used in sweet osmanthus cultivars identification. There were obvious differentiaion among different cultivars . In addition, it is feasible to identify the sweet osmanthus cultivars and to study their relationships of this cultivars by use of the RAPD technique.