Abstract: Based on the field investigation and specimens of Cyatheaceae in PYU, this paper deals with the classification, geographical distribution, abundant degree and ecological habits of Cyatheaceae in Yunnan province. There is a rich resource of Cyatheaceae in Yunnan. In total there are three genera and eleven species. They account for 55% of all species of China(total three genera and about twenty species). They belong to the national key conservation wild plants. The geographical distribution of Cyatheaceae in Yunnan can be divided into five regions, i. e. northeastern, central-plateau, western and northwestern, southern and southwestern, southeastern. The Cyatheaceae plants are very abundant in the southeastern areas, with nine species. Which account for 81. 8% of all species in Yunnan. Next in southern and southwestern areas, western and northwestern areas, but very rare in the central-plateau area and northeastern area. Finally, serveral proposals on preserving these plants are high recommended.