<正>应用温室盆栽试验方法，采用完全随机试验设计，研究了4个家系1年生银杏实生苗在不同土壤水分条件下的光合特性。试验共设16处理，即4种水分水平（田间持水量的80%，60%，40%和20%）、4个银杏家系，处理为100d。结果表明：（1）在前两种土壤水分条件下，银杏净光合速率、气孔导度、细胞间隙C0z浓度、蒸腾速率及Fv/Fm差异较少，而在后两种土壤水分条件下，5个指标明显降低；（2）测定的各项指标之间相关系数都较大，其中与Fv/Fm相关密切的为净光合速率，与净光合速率相关密切的为细胞间隙C0z浓度和蒸腾速率；（3）土壤水分供应不足（即干旱胁迫）的条件下，银杏净光合速率随着土壤水分含量的下降而下降，主要因气孔限制所致，同时直接影响了光合作用的电子传递和CO2同化过程。

The study on characteristics of black liquor from non-wood fiber chemical pulping process shows that it has high content of ash(silicates), pentoses and high viscosity which will influence the normal evaporation operation. The heat transfer capacity of non-wood pulping black liquor is poor and easy to form scales. At present, there are no normal evaporation installations which can be operated economically. An new type of evaporator is designed and installed both in the pilot scale and industrial scale. It proves that,due to presenting of effec rive evaporating space, the new designed horizontal spraying-film evaporator has extremely a high evaporating capacity, high heat-transfer coefficient, and easy foaming and scaling working mass as non-wood black liquor, etc. The mean of evaporation intensity for black liquor (from wheat straw pulping process) could reach up to 28～45 kg/(m2 ? h).