Abstract: The iron birch, a tree species recorded in the book of Plant Fascicule of Top in the World, was finally identified as Liaodong birch (Betula schmidtii Regel) in China by means of collecting samples, analyzing wood physical characteristics and looking up the authority references. The species distributed in Jilin and Liaoning province in China, and was a species with the most rigid wood in Northeast of China. By far, most studies on this species had focused on its taxonomy, but there were a few reports address its growth behaviors and timber features.