若尔盖湿地是黄河上游重要的水源涵养区,近年来,由于全球气候变化和人类不合理的开发活动导致若尔盖湿地生态退化趋势显著,威胁区域和流域生态安全。笔者在若尔盖湿地生态安全影响机制解析的基础上,围绕若尔盖湿地生态系统的结构、功能及其外界胁迫作用建立了生态安全评价指标体系。运用模糊综合评价方法,借助遥感与GIS技术,对1989年、2000年和2007年若尔盖湿地生态安全状况进行了评价,结果表明:若尔盖湿地生态安全水平呈现明显下降趋势,3个时期的生态安全指数分别为0.514、0.423和0.373,2007年生态安全水平进入较差等级。分析认为,人类活动影响对若尔盖湿地生态安全状况动态变化具有重要作用,需控制人类活动强度以维护若尔盖湿地生态安全。
Abstract
Zoige wetland is an important area of water source conservation in the upstream of the Yellow River. In recent years, ecological degeneration became worse because of the global climate change and unreasonable human activities. This degenerating trend in turn had threatened ecological security in local area and the whole basin. Based on the analysis of the influence mechanism of ecological security, the evaluation index system was built up in this paper. Structure, function and external stress of wetland ecosystem had been referred in building this evaluation index system. By applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and RS&GIS technology, the status of ecological security in 1989, 2000, and 2007 was evaluated. The results showed that the situation of ecological security in Zoige wetland appeared a declining trend. Values of the three periods of ecological security index were 0.514,0.423 and 0.373. Ecological security level in Zoige wetland entered the poorer grade in 2007. Human impact played a key role in dynamic situation in Zoige wetland, thus controlling human activity intensity and enhancing the ecological restoration were the effective way to maintain ecological security of Zoige wetland.
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基金
收稿日期:2011-05-27 修回日期:2011-11-18 基金项目:国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项项目(200709045,201209027); 科技基础性工作专项项目(2007FY210300); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目(2008-05) 第一作者:邹长新,博士生。*通信作者:陈金林,教授。E-mail:jlchen@njfu.edu.cn。引文格式:邹长新,陈金林,李海东. 基于模糊综合评价的若尔盖湿地生态安全评价[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(3):53-58.
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