南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (06): 47-52.doi: 10.3969/j.jssn.1000-2006.2012.06.010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

设施栽培对杨梅生长发育和品质的影响

黄海静1,符国槐2,杨再强1*,张静1,金志凤3   

  1. 1. 江苏省农业气象重点实验室,江苏南京210044;
    2. 慈溪市气象局,浙江慈溪315300;
    3. 浙江省气候中心,浙江杭州310017
  • 出版日期:2012-11-30 发布日期:2012-11-30
  • 基金资助:
    收稿日期:2011-06-18修回日期:2012-09-07
    基金项目:国家气象公益性行业科研专项项目(GYHY(QX) 200906023,GYHY(QX) 201006028);江苏省科技支撑项目(BE2010734)
    第一作者:黄海静,硕士生。 *通信作者:杨再强, 教授, 博士。 Email: yzq@nuist.edu.cn。
    引文格式:黄海静,符国槐,杨再强,等. 设施栽培对杨梅生长发育和品质的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(6):47-52.

Effect of protected cultivation to the development and quality of Myrica rubra

HUANG Haijing1, FU Guohuai2, YANG Zaiqiang1*,ZHANG Jing1,JIN Zhifeng3   

  1. 1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China;
    2. Cixi Meteorological Bureau, Cixi 315300, China;
    3. Zhejiang Weather Center, Hangzhou 310017,China
  • Online:2012-11-30 Published:2012-11-30

摘要: 以‘丁岙’杨梅(Myrica rubra Sieb.cv.‘Dingao’)为试材,分别于2010年和2011年1—6月间,在浙江温州开展设施大棚和露地杨梅观测试验,研究设施栽培对杨梅生长发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明:观测期间,杨梅塑料大棚内日均气温、日均空气相对湿度、气温日较差和大于10 ℃的有效积温较棚外分别高30 ℃、12 %、67 ℃和2375 ℃〖DK〗·d;设施杨梅单果质量、果实可溶性固形物、糖、Vc含量及可食率分别比露地栽培杨梅提高了386 %、111 %、83 %、566 %和97 %,有机酸含量减少了115 %,每6667 m2果实产量提高了177 %;同时设施杨梅较露地提早成熟,杨梅果实直径与累计温光效应(APTE)较好地符合Logistic方程。利用逐步回归分析,建立了杨梅品质与气象因子的回归方程,相关分析结果显示:日均气温、气温日较差和大于10 ℃的有效积温与果实可溶性固形物、含糖量、Vc含量、酸含量及单果质量的相关性显著;最高、最低气温及日平均空气相对湿度与果实可溶性固形物、Vc含量和单果质量显著相关。因此,设施大棚具有增温、保湿作用,可有效调节小气候条件,显著缩短杨梅果实发育进程和改善果实品质。

Abstract: Using the Myrica rubra Sieb.cv.‘Dingao’ as test material, the observation trial of facilities and outdoor cultivation of M. rubra was carried out in Dingao village in Wenzhou from January to June in 2010 and 2011. The feature of microclimate and the effect of meteorological condition on the growth and fruit quality of M. rubra were examined. The results showed that: daily average temperature, daily average relative humidity, diurnal temperature range, the effective accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ of greenhouse in 2010 were 3.0 ℃, 12 %, 6.7 ℃, 237.5 ℃〖DK〗·d higher than that outdoor cultivation; the mature time of M. rubra in greenhouse cultivation was earlier than that in nature field, the correlation between diameter of fruit and the days after fruit setting were accorded with a halfbaked single S curve; compared with M. rubra of outdoor cultivation, the weight of single fruit, content of soluble solids, sugar, Vc and edible rate of M. rubra in greenhouse were increased by 38.6 %, 11.1 %, 8.3 %, 56.6 %, 9.7 % respectively however, organic acid content decreased by 11.5 % , and the product yield increased by 17.7 % every 666.7 m2. 2011 and 2010 have the similar results. We established a regression equation between the quality and environmental factors of M. rubra by using stepwise regression analysis. The correlation analysis showed that daily average temperature, diurnal temperature range and effective accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ were significantly correlated with soluble solids, content of sugar, Vc, organic acid and the weight of single fruit, which all through significance test by 0.05; the highest, lowest temperature and daily average relative humidity were significantly correlated with soluble solids,Vc content and the weight of single fruit. The facilities cultivation had a significant function of increasing temperature and protecting moisture, and changed the microclimate conditions effectively, which could shorten the development process and improved the fruit quality of M. rubra significantly.

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