Abstract: Twenty-eight Poplar(Populus) clones belonging to 20 species covering three section were screened for polymorphic RAPD(Randon Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers with 7 arbitrary primers (5 20-mer and 2 10-mer Oligonucleotide). With these total of 54 different DNA bands were reproducibly obtained, 79. 63% of which were polymorphic. The genetic distance (D) between these clones ranged from 0. 930 to 0. 031, corre- spending to the similarity from 0. 518 to 0. 970. RAPD fingersprints were used to estimate the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationship. The dendrogram showed the species or clones belonging to the same section were clustered into a same group, i. e. there were three groups on behalf of sect. Leuce, Aigeiros and Tacamahaca, respectively. They also showed that the relationship between Aigeiros and Tacamahaca was closer than that between Aigeiros or Tacamahaca and Leuce. It was presumed that sect. Leuce was separated from genus Populus prior to the other two sections.