Abstract: The anaerobic culture of Bifidobacterium bifidum using the enzymatic hydrolysis xylo oligosaccharides as carbon source was examined.The results indicated that xylo oligosaccharides were able to proliferate Bifidobacterium bifidum effectively and the sugar conversion rate of xylo oligosaccharides was as much as that of glucose.The higher the xylo oligosaccharides concentration from 5.0 to 10 g/L in the cultural medium was,the higher the concentration and proliferation rate of bifidobacteria were.The co cultivation of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis was much better than that of the single strain of them,this function of xylo oligosaccharides was very suitable for human and it could promote the natural proliferation of bifidobacteria stains in vivo.