Abstract: In this paper, the population distribution and niche of Magnolia sieboldii were researched with samples selected from Tonghua and Ji’an counties, Jilin province. The results showed that M.sieboldii generally has a narrow, aggregate distribution and small population size, with its niche was smaller than that of dominant species of wide distribution. Being inferior in the community, M.sieboldii had very limited effects on community environments and structure and therefore has a low adaptation capacity. The niche overlaps between M.sieboldii and most other species of woody plants were fairly small, generally under 0.1. The correlations between M.sieboldii and many tree species were low and insignificant.