福州市城市公园的冷岛效应及其影响因素

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208048

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 295-303.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208048

福州市城市公园的冷岛效应及其影响因素

刘艳芬¹^,²(), 黄茹鲜¹^,², 艾婧文¹^,², 杨柳青¹^,², 余坤勇¹^,³, 刘健¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.3S技术与资源优化利用福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州 350002
2.福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院,福建福州 350002
3.福建农林大学林学院,福建福州 350002

收稿日期:2022-08-19 修回日期:2022-11-20 出版日期:2024-05-30 发布日期:2024-06-14
通讯作者: *刘健(fjliujian@126.com),教授。
作者简介:刘艳芬(llyf29@163.com)。
基金资助:
3S技术与资源优化利用福建省高校重点实验室建设项目(PTJH17014)

The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China

LIU Yanfen¹^,²(), HUANG Ruxian¹^,², AI Jinwen¹^,², YANG Liuqing¹^,², YU Kunyong¹^,³, LIU Jian¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. University Key Laboratory for 3S Technology and Optimized Utilization of Resources in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Received:2022-08-19 Revised:2022-11-20 Online:2024-05-30 Published:2024-06-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】城市公园是缓解城市热岛效应的重要途径之一。分析城市公园景观特征对冷岛效应的影响,基于城市公园降温阈值(TVoE)的概念确定城市公园的规模阈值,发挥城市公园缓解城市热环境的最大效益,为城市公园设计以最大效率缓解热环境问题提供理论依据。【方法】以Landsat遥感影像反演的地表温度与土地利用等基础数据,应用缓冲区法计算城市公园的冷岛效应特征,从降温距离、降温幅度、降温梯度3个方面量化福州市城市公园冷岛效应,并基于城市公园景观特征对其影响要素进行分析。【结果】 ①福州市城市公园具有明显的冷岛效应,城市公园冷岛效应特征降温距离分布在0.1~0.6 km,降温幅度在0.02~8.50 ℃,降温梯度在0.04~17.00 ℃/km。②城市公园温度与其面积、周长、形状指数呈负相关,城市公园冷岛效应指标与城市公园面积、周长、形状指数呈正相关;根据城市公园面积与公园内部平均地表温度、降温梯度的函数拟合结果可知,城市公园面积阈值在0.768~50 hm²。③城市公园组成中绿地、水体面积占比对冷岛效应影响程度具有一定的差异,以最小城市公园面积0.768 hm²达到的冷岛效应特征为依据,有水体的城市公园中绿地与水体总面积占比均大于53.39%、无水体城市公园中绿地总面积占比均大于72.46%时具有较好的冷岛效应。【结论】城市公园景观特征对冷岛效应存在影响,且具有阈值区间;福州城市公园设计过程中将其面积控制在0.768~50 hm²的范围内,并通过绿地、水体的聚集分布式景观设计,在有限的城市用地中有效地缓解城市热环境问题,提高城市人居环境。

关键词: 城市公园, 冷岛效应, 缓冲区分析, 降温阈值, 福州市

Abstract:

【Objective】 Urban park represent an important land use strategy to mitigate the urban heat island effect. In this study, we analyzed the influences of urban park landscape features on the cold-island effect. We also determined the scale threshold of urban parks based on the urban park cooling threshold (TVoE) concept to assess the ability of urban parks to mitigate the urban thermal environment. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for designing urban parks that can mitigate the thermal environment with maximum efficiency. 【Method】 Using surface temperatures and land use data extracted from Landsat remote sensing image inversion, the buffer zone method was applied to calculate the characteristics of the cold-island effect in urban parks. We then quantified the cold-island effect in urban parks in Fuzhou City from three perspectives: cooling distance, magnitude, and gradient, and analyzed its influencing factors based on the landscape characteristics of urban parks. 【Result】 (1) Urban parks in Fuzhou City exhibited obvious cold-island effects. Specifically, the characteristic cooling distance was 0.1-0.6 km, the cooling magnitude was 0.02-8.50 ℃, and the cooling gradient was 0.04-17.00 ℃/km. (2) The temperature in urban parks and the cold-island effect index were negatively correlated with the area, perimeter, and shape index. According to the fitting results of the park temperature and cooling gradient curves, the urban park area threshold ranges from 0.768 to 50 hm². (3) There were differences in the degree of the cold-island effect related to the ratios of green space and water body areas in urban parks. Based on the cold-island effect characteristics achieved by the smallest urban park area (0.768 hm²), the total green space and water body areas in urban parks with water bodies were greater than 53.39%, whereas the total green space area in urban parks without water bodies was greater than 72.46%. 【Conclusion】 The landscape characteristics of urban parks influence the cold-island effect and have threshold intervals. The design process for urban parks in Fuzhou City should control their areas in the range of 0.768-50 hm². Landscape design that addresses green space and water areas and distributions would maximize the benefits of mitigating the urban thermal environment, thereby improving urban habitats in the limited urban landscape.

Key words: urban park, cold island effect, buffer zone analysis, cooling threshold, Fuzhou City

中图分类号:

TU985

刘艳芬,黄茹鲜,艾婧文,等. 福州市城市公园的冷岛效应及其影响因素[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 295-303.

LIU Yanfen, HUANG Ruxian, AI Jinwen, YANG Liuqing, YU Kunyong, LIU Jian. The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(3): 295-303.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208048.

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冷岛效应特征 characterization of the cold island effect	面积 area	周长 perimeter	形状指数 shape index
MCD	0.340^**	0.496^**	0.358^**
MCM	0.473^**	0.545^**	0.272^*
MCG	0.388^**	0.448^**	0.214

序号 No.	公园名称 park name	面积占比/% precentage of area		形状指数 shape index		序号 No.	公园名称 park name	面积占比/% percentage of area		形状指数 shape index
序号 No.	公园名称 park name	绿地 green space	水体 water	绿地 green space	水体 water	序号 No.	公园名称 park name	绿地 green space	水体 water	绿地 green space	水体 water
1	牛岗山公园	97.77	1.41	1.71	1.33	17	高盖山公园	93.98	1.03	3.92	3.20
2	黎明湖公园	36.51	58.09	4.74	2.75	18	夏雨苑公园	45.45	12.83	2.53	3.50
3	天马山公园	93.79	0.08	1.96	1.00	19	飞凤山公园	92.88	0.04	3.19	1.00
4	琴亭湖公园	40.75	43.52	5.17	2.85	20	金山公园	67.58	23.59	5.52	5.15
5	温泉公园	76.57	14.58	3.95	3.00	21	光明港公园	88.94	4.26	5.24	4.69
6	西湖公园	38.48	53.57	5.79	3.62	22	梅峰山湿地公园	91.33	0.04	3.16	1.00
7	茶亭公园	70.45	16.48	3.04	2.27	23	福山郊野公园	86.45	0.20	6.13	1.70
8	白马河公园	67.83	12.97	5.09	4.80	24	洋下公园	54.39	3.51	1.33	1.33
9	左海公园	46.10	43.64	4.90	3.67	25	井店湖公园	8.37	55.35	2.78	1.32
10	屏山公园	85.12	1.76	3.60	1.78	26	城门山	94.10	0.65	3.66	1.25
11	晋安河公园	20.34	33.05	3.00	2.31	27	清凉山	96.68	0.06	2.98	1.17
12	侨乡公园	93.57		1.70		28	金牛山	96.57		3.75
13	金牛山公园	98.21		1.43		29	长安山公园	81.24		2.50
14	千家山公园	98.11		1.72		30	亚峰公园	81.05		1.96
15	金鸡山公园	92.16		4.61		31	五凤公园	99.13		1.94
16	乌山风景区	72.47		3.20		32	大腹山	98.27		2.54

福州市城市公园的冷岛效应及其影响因素

The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China

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