南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 159-167.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206046

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同品种金佛山方竹笋营养成分含量分析及综合评价

卞丽丽1(), 梁大洪2, 凡美玲2, 伍虹雨1, 周必铙1, 姚文静1, 王福升1, 丁雨龙1, 林树燕1,*()   

  1. 1.南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学竹类研究所, 南京林业大学生命科学学院,江苏 南京 210037
    2.贵州省桐梓县林业局,贵州 桐梓 563200
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-23 修回日期:2022-08-09 出版日期:2024-07-30 发布日期:2024-08-05
  • 通讯作者: *林树燕(lrx@njfu.com.cn),教授。
  • 作者简介:

    卞丽丽(2895266525@qq.com)。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2200503);贵州省农村产业革命特色林业产业项目(特林研2020-17);黔科合基础项目([2018]1075);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of nutrient components in bamboo shoots of different clones of Chimonobambusa utilis

BIAN Lili1(), LIANG Dahong2, FAN Meiling2, WU Hongyu1, ZHOU Binao1, YAO Wenjing1, WANG Fusheng1, DING Yulong1, LIN Shuyan1,*()   

  1. 1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
    2. Forestry Bureau of Tongzi County, Tongzi 563200, China
  • Received:2022-06-23 Revised:2022-08-09 Online:2024-07-30 Published:2024-08-05

摘要:

【目的】比较金佛山方竹(Chimonobambusa utilis)原种(FY)和6个无性系(F1—F6)竹笋间营养成分、矿物质及氨基酸含量差异,为选育金佛山方竹良种并推广种植提供重要的参考依据。【方法】通过液相色谱等方法对金佛山方竹不同种质竹笋营养进行测定,采用主成分分析和聚类分析法综合评价其品质。【结果】供试7个种质竹笋样品的含水量均为90%以上;粗蛋白含量为1.86%~5.96%(干物质质量分数,下同),最高的是无性系F4;脂肪含量为0.38%~0.68%,最低的是无性系F5;膳食纤维含量为22.12%~29.52%,最高的是无性系F6;维生素C含量为0.170 5~0.396 1 mg/g,最高的是无性系F1;总糖含量最高为FY,果糖、葡萄糖含量最高的分别为无性系F3、F6;黄酮含量最高的为FY(1.39 mg/g);总酸含量为13.68~21.04 mg/g;单宁含量为4.55~9.71 mg/g。无性系F4每种矿质元素含量均较高,无性系F2则相反,无性系FY、F4和F6的硒含量较高。7种竹笋均检测出17种氨基酸,氨基酸总含量最高的为无性系F1(14.93 mg/g),最低的为无性系F3(8.72 mg/g);必需氨基酸比例最高为无性系F2(34.25%),最低为无性系F1(30.38%);无性系F1呈味氨基酸总量最高(14.64 mg/g),无性系F3最低(8.08 mg/g)。应用主成分分析提取出5个关键营养指标(总酸、Ca、膳食纤维、黄酮、维生素C)的累计方差贡献率达96.797%,7个种质竹笋品质优劣综合排名依次为F1、FY、F5、F4、F6、F2、F3。聚类分析结果显示7种金佛山方竹笋依据营养品质特征可聚成2类。【结论】与其他竹种相比,金佛山方竹原种和各无性系笋品质优异,其营养成分综合指标以无性系F1、FY、无性系F5表现最佳,其次为无性系F4、F6、F2、F3。

关键词: 金佛山方竹, 竹笋, 营养成分, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

【Objective】Differences in nutrient composition and mineral and amino acid contents between the original species (FY) and six clones (F1-F6) of bamboo shoots of Chimonobambusa utilis were compared to provide an important reference for further breeding and planting of C. utilis.【Method】The nutritional composition of bamboo shoots of C. utilis were analyzed by liquid chromatography, and their quality were evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The water content of the seven kinds of bamboo shoots were greater than 90%. The crude protein content ranged from 1.86% to 5.96%, with clone F4 having the highest content. The fat content ranged from 0.38% to 0.68%, with clone F5 having the lowest content. The dietary fiber content ranged from 22.12% to 29.52%, and clone F6 had the highest content. Vc content ranged from 0.170 5 mg/g to 0.396 1 mg/g, with clone F1 having the highest content. The highest content of total sugar was found in FY, whereas the highest contents of fructose and glucose were in clone F3 and F6, respectively. The highest flavonoid content was found in FY (1.39 mg/g). The total acid content was 13.68-21.04 mg/g, and tannin content was 4.55-9.71 mg/g. In mineral elements, clone F4 had a high content of each element, whereas F2 had the opposite. For selenium content, FY,clone F4 and F6 ranked as the top three among the seven kinds of bamboo shoots. Seventeen amino acids were found in all seven kinds of bamboo shoots. The highest total content of amino acids was in clone F1 (14.93 mg/g), and the lowest content was in clone F3 (8.72 mg/g). The highest essential amino acid content was found in clone F2 (34.25%) and the lowest was in clone F1 (30.38%). The total amount of flavor amino acids was highest in clone F1 (14.64 mg/g) and lowest in F3 (8.08 mg/g). Five key indicators (total acid, calcium, dietary fiber, flavonoids, Vc) were extracted by principal component analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 96.797%. The overall quality ranking was clone F1, FY, clone F5, F4, F6, F2 and F3. Cluster analysis showed that the seven kinds of C. utilis bamboo shoots were clustered into two groups.【Conclusion】Compared with other bamboo species, the quality of bamboo shoots of the original species and clones of C. utilis is excellent. clone F1, FY and clone F5 showed the best performance in the comprehensive nutritional indexes of nutrient composition, followed by clone F4, F6, F2 and F3.

Key words: Chimonobambusa utilis, bamboo shoots, nutrient content, principal component analysis, cluster analysis

中图分类号: