<正>选择邻近分布、母岩一致、立地条件及林龄相近且均为成熟林(40a)的八角、灰木莲和马尾松林分标准地,对3种不同人工林的林冠层、林下植被层、枯枝落叶层和林地土壤贮水性能进行比较分析。结果表明,林分地上部分持水量大小顺序为灰木莲、八角林、马尾松林;八角林地土壤(0～100cm)持水量与灰木莲林基本一致,均明显高于马尾松林;林地表层土壤(0～20cm)的初渗值和稳渗值均为八角林最高,马尾松林最低。若以林分的总持水量即地上部分与林地土壤的持水能力总量为指标,则灰木莲林分的总持水量最大(765.04t/hm2),其次为八角林分(713.35t/hm2),最小为马尾松林分(573.30t/hm2)。因此,八角林兼有经济林和生态林的功能,除了经济效益外,对改善土壤结构、提高水源涵养功能等都有良好的生态作用。

Through selecting comparative plots with the close location,same site indexes and similar tree age(mature stand) in Illicium verum forest,Pinus massoniana forest and Manglietia glauca forest,the waterholding capacity of canopy,vegetation layer under canopy and litter layer,the waterholding capacity of soil were further studied.The paper aimed to make a comparison to the water conservation function between the Illicium verum forest(economic forest) and the industrial plantation(including broadleaf forest and conifer forest).The result showed the total waterholding above ground and in the order of Manglietia glauca forest(42.245 t/hm2)＞Illicium verum forest(27.150 t/hm2)＞Pinus massoniana forest(16.098 t/hm2).The total waterstoring of soil(0～100 cm) of Illicium verum forest(686.20 t/hm2) was approximate to that of Manglietia glauca forest(722.80 t/hm2) and significantly higher than that of Pinus massoniana forest(546.40 t/hm2).The original permeation value and steady permeation value in 0～20 cm were Illicium verum forest＞Manglietia glauca forest＞Pinus massoniana forest.If the total waterstorage capacity both above ground and soil was regarded as the evaluating index,the largest was in Manglietia glauca forest(765.04 t/hm2),the second in Illicium verum forest(713.35 t/hm2),the least in the Pinus massoniana forest(573.30 t/hm2).Therefore,the Illicium verum forest could achieve economic benefits and also ecological benefits such as soil structure improvement and the water conservation.