南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 1984, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (02): 110-113.doi: 10.3969/j.jssn.1000-2006.1984.02.015

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浅谈“生态平衡”与生态协调

徐凤翔   

  1. 南京林学院林学系
  • 出版日期:1984-06-18 发布日期:1984-04-18

DISCUSSIONS ON COORDINATION OR “EQUILIBRIUM” OF ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP

Xu Fengxiang   

  1. Department of Forestry
  • Online:1984-06-18 Published:1984-04-18

摘要: <正> 近年来,“生态平衡”一词已在我国广泛流传。这反映了一个积极的现象:由于生态失调带来的生态性灾难危及人类正常的生产和生活,生态问题开始得到了普遍的重视;同时,在大地规划布局或采取技术措施时,人们也能够愈来愈多地考虑到调节生态关系,避免生态失调等方面的因素。但是,对“生态平衡”的含义,目前的理解还是很不一致的。有的认为维持自然状态就是“生态平衡”,有的认为植物演替到顶极群落是“生态平衡”,也有认为系统的输入输出相等是“生态平衡”,等等。可见“生态平衡”是牵涉到社会生活和生产决策的一个重要概念,似乎可以用它来标志规划布局的最终理想状态。实际上,这一概念是不确切的,也是不科学的。因为,自然界不存在生态“平衡”,人类社会也不需要生态“平衡”。而既符合自然界进展演替规律,又符合人类社会需要的生态关系应当是协调关系,故用生态协调来代替生态“平衡”的概念是确切的,科学的。 一、关于自然界是否存在“生态平衡”的问题 这个问题可以从三方面来分析。首先,要弄清“平衡”的含义;其次,要看看生态关系包括那些内容;然后再来讨论生态关系究竟能不能“平衡”。

Abstract: 1 . As ecological relation isn’t a relation of equilibrium at all in nature, no equilibrium exists in an ecosystem between the increase and decrease of its components in mass and species; the same are the imports and exports of its matter and energy.2 . The successive law of nature and the necessary ecosystem for mankind are coordinative. Eco-coordination means that within a certain range of time and space, between habitat, bio-population and mankind there exists a state of association and coordinative evolution.The characteristics of ecc-coordination are:(1)Populations are conditioned each other in structure.( 2 )The energy current and mass current are efficient.( 3 )Organisms are suitable and evolutive.( 4 )Environment is harmonious.3 . A complete coordination of ecosystem is temporary and seldom occurs while maladjustments occurs in varying degree frequently. In recent times the main factor that has caused regional ecological maladjustment is that of human beings.The ecological maladjustment presents itself mainly in following fields:(1)The structure of populations becomes worse.(2)Natural resources of environment are retrograde.(3)The biomass and character of organisms are reductive.4 . The necessary ecosystem of ccordinative relationship for mankind is: regional, overall, in accordance with the law (natural law, economic law, social structure and the law of development) and of new, dynamic ecc-coordination.