Abstract: Based on the data collected from the 16 sampling plots which was 400 m2 per plot and selected from representative Picea crassifolia forest in six natural reserve stations, the vertical distribution pattern of plant species(S), genera(G), families (F), species/ genera(S/G), species / families(S/F), genera/ families(G/F), plant species/ the total of species(S/ST), genera/total genera(G/GT)and families/ total families(F/FT) were studied in Qilianshan National Nature Reserve. The results showed that: there were 96 species of vascular plants in P.crassifolia forest, which belonged to 25 families and 52 genera, it were 7.35 % of the total vascular plant species(1 305), 11.69 % of the total genera(445), 27.13 % of the total families(92) and showed a higher diversity; as the higher of the altitude, S, G, F showed a monotonously downward trend, S/G showed an increasing trend, S/F, G/F, S/ST, G/GT, F/FT showed a lower trend. The integrated richness of different forest types from largest to smallest is: P.crassifolia mixed forest, lousewort and P.crassifolia forest, grasses and P.crassifolia forest, shrubs and P.crassifolia forest, moss and P.crassifolia forest. As the elevation increased, the richness of the different forest types showed different variation trend.