在宽窄行(2 m×1.5 m+8 m)栽植模式下,分析了间作紫花苜蓿(M1)对三倍体毛白杨纸浆林生长和地力的影响。结果表明:间作紫花苜蓿4 a后,纸浆林林木平均胸径、树高、单株材积与林分蓄积总生长量较间作棉花、小麦宽窄行栽植模式(M2)增长了6.04%、2.53%、13.33%与12.07%,较传统纸浆林栽植模式(M3)增长了28.18%、26.47%、70.00%与10.27%; M1、M2、M3处理下,0～60 cm各土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量与间作前相比都有不同程度的提高,而3种模式之间比较,M1、M2土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量高于M3; 在比较经济效益后发现,M1模式4 a的总净收入最高,达到78 043.56元/hm2,较M2、M3分别提高了3.97%和38.73%。因此,可以在相似立地条件地区大规模推广间作紫花苜蓿的经营模式。
Abstract
In order to efficiently apply alfalfa in the cultivation of Populus tomentosa pulpwood plantations under the wide-and-narrow planting pattern, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pattern M1, M2 and M3 on growth and soil productivity of P. tomentosa pulpwood plantations for 4 years. M1 represented the pattern of intercropping alfalfa, M2 represented the pattern of intercropping cotton and wheat, M3 represented the traditional pattern of pulpwood plantation. Results showed that M1, on average, increased the total increment of DBH, height, individual volume and stand volume by 6.04%, 2.53%, 13.33% and 12.07% respectively over M2, while that of M1 was 28.18%, 26.47%, 70.00% and 10.27% higher than M3. The contents of soil organic, total N and available N of M1, M2 and M3 were increased to some extent in the 0-60 cm soil layer. For understanding the difference of soil fertility among M1, M2 and M3, we analyzed the contents of soil organic, total N, available N and available K, and found that M3 was the least than M1 and M2 in above nutrient. Considering the economic benefit of M1, M2 and M3, we found that the total net income of M1 was the highest, which reached 78 043.56 yuan/hm2 and was 3.97% and 38.73% higher than M2 and M3 respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggested that M1 should be vigorously promoted in regions similar to our experimental plantation.
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 盛伟彤,范少辉. 人工林长期生产力保持机制研究的背景、现状和趋势[J]. 林业科学研究,2004,17(1):106-115. Sheng W T, Fan S H. Study on the mechanism of maintaining long-term productivity of plantation:background, present condition and trends[J]. Forest Research,2004,17(1):106-115.
[2] 马祥庆,黄宝龙. 人工林地力衰退研究综述[J]. 南京林业大学学报,1997,21(2):77-88. Ma X Q, Huang B L. Advance in research on site productivity decline of timber plantations[J]. Journal of Nanjing Foresty University,1997, 21(2):77-88.
[3] Kimmins J P. A strategy for research on the maintenance of long-term site productivity, IUFRO[C]// 19th World Congress Proeeedings, Division I Volume l,1990.
[4] 宋月钦. 三倍体毛白杨纸浆林地力维持理论及关键技术研究[D]. 北京:北京林业大学,2009. Song Y Q. Study on key techniques and theory to maintenance of site productivity of triploid Populus tomentosa pulp plantation[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2009.
[5] 唐万鹏,李吉跃,胡兴宜,等. 江汉平原杨树人工林连栽对林地土壤质量的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报,2009,28(6):750-755. Tang W P, Li J Y, Hu X Y, et al. Impact of successive cropping of poplar plantation on soil quality in Jianghan plain[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2009,28(6):750-755.
[6] 刘福德,姜岳忠,王华田,等. 杨树人工林连作效应的研究[J]. 水土保持学报,2005,19(2):102-105. Liu F D, Jiang Y Z, Wang H T, et al. Effect of continuous cropping on poplar plantation[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005,19(2):102-105.
[7] 姜岳忠,刘盛芳,马履一,等. 毛白杨幼林间作效应研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2006,28(3):81-85. Jiang Y Z, Liu S F, Ma L Y, et al. Effects of tree-crop intercropping on young plantations of Populus tomentosa[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006,28(3):81-85.
[8] 袁玉欣,裴保华,贾渝彬,等. 农林间作条件下的杨树生长研究[J]. 林业科学,2000,36(S1):44-50. Yuan Y X, Pei B H, Jia Y L, et al. Study on poplar growth under agro-silvicultural inter cropping conditions[J]. Scientia Silvae Sincae, 2000,36(S1):44-50.
[9] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[10] Mendham D S, Kumaraswamy S, Balasundaran M, et al. Legume cover cropping effects on early growth and soil nitrogen supply in eucalypt plantations in south-western India[J]. Biology Fertility of Soils,2004,39(5):375-382.
[11] Rivest D, Cogliastro A, Bradley R L, et al. Intercropping hybrid poplar with soybean increases soil microbial biomass, mineral N supply and tree growth[J]. Agroforest Systems,2010,80(1):33-40.
[12] 席奔野,王烨,邸楠,等. 地下滴灌下土壤水势对毛白杨纸浆林生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2012,32(17):5318-5329. Xi B Y, Wang Y, Di N, et al. Effects of soil water potential on the growth and physiological characteristics of Populus tomentosa pulpwood plantation under subsurface drip irrigation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012,32(17):5318-5329.
[13] 万福绪,陈平,王严星. 苏北林粮间作地土壤理化性质分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(6):27-30. Wan F X, Chen P, Wang Y X. Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soil in agroforestry system[J]. Journal of Nanjing Foresty University:Natural Sciences Edition, 2003,27(6):27-30.
[14] 陈永忠,王玉娟,王湘南,等. 间种对油茶林地土壤理化性质及幼林生长量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(5):117-120. Chen Y Z, Wang Y J, Wang X N, et al. Effects of interplantation on soil physical and growth of Camellia oleifera yong forest[J]. Journal of Nanjing Foresty University:Natural Sciences Edition, 2011,35(5):117-120.
[15] 春亮,李淑英,张怀文,等. 紫花苜蓿生产中的产量、土壤水分和养分动态[J]. 华北农学报,2007,22(S1):144-147. Chun L, Li S Y, Zhang H W, et al. Dynamic of yield of alfalfa, soil water and nutrient content in the production of alfalfa in Beijing[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2007,22(S1):144-147.
[16] 万素梅,韩清芳,胡守林,等. 黄土高原半湿润区苜蓿草地土壤氮素消耗特征研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):84-89. Wan S M, Han Q F, Hu S L, et al. Soil nitrogen consumption characteristics of alfalfa grassland in the semi-humid areas of the Loess Plateau[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2008,14(1):84-89.
[17] Chander K, Goyal S, Nandal D P, et al.Soil organic matter, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a tropical agroforestry system[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,1998,27(2):168-172.
[18] 魏勇,康宏兴,李杰,等. 海岸带不同复合农林业系统的养分状况[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(6):13-17. Wei Y, Kang H X, Li J, et al. A Study on the nutrient dynamic characteristic in different agroforestry systems in coast area of Jiangsu[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition, 2003,27(6):13-17.
[19] 刘福德,姜岳忠,王华田,等. 杨树人工林连作地力维持技术的探讨[J]. 林业科学,2007,43(S1):58-64. Liu F D, Jiang Y Z, Wang H T, et al. Soil productivity maintenance technique of poplar plantation under continuous cropping[J]. Scientia Silvae Sincae, 2007,43(S1):58-64.
[20] 米方秋. 杨树人工林复合经营模式及效益的研究[D]. 南京:南京林业大学,2005. Mi F Q. A study on the interplanting patterns and effects of agroforestry[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2005.
[21] 邰继承,张丽妍,杨恒山. 种植年限对紫花苜蓿栽培草地草产量及土壤氮、磷、钾含量的影响[J]. 草业科学,2009,26(12):82-86. Tai J C, Zhang L Y, Yang H S. Effect of different planting years on the yield of alfalfa and content of N, P, K in soil[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2009,26(12):82-86.
[22] 胡发成. 种植苜蓿改良培肥地力的研究初报[J]. 草业科学,2005,22(8):47-49. Hu F C. Initial research report on soil fertility improvement by planting Medicago sativa[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2005,22(8):47-49.
[23] Haggar J P, Beer J W. Effect on maize growth of the interaction between increased nitrogen availability and competition with trees in alley cropping[J]. Agroforestry Systems,1993,21(3):239-249.
[24] Salazar A, Szott L T, Palm C A. Crop-tree interactions in alley cropping systems on alluvial soils of the Upper Amazon Basin[J]. Agroforestry Systems,1993,22(1):67-82.
[25] 袁玉欣,裴保华,王九龄,等. 国外混农林业系统中林木与农作物的相互关系研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究,1999,12(6):13-17. Yuan Y X, Pei B H, Wang J L, et al. A review to interaction between tree and crop in agroforestry system[J]. World Forestry Research,1999,12(6):13-17.
[26] 朱志芳,陈林武,张发会,等. 紫花苜蓿蓄水保土功能与经济效益分析[J]. 四川林业科技,2004,25(3):39-42. Zhu Z F, Chen L W, Zhang F H, et al. An analysis of soil and water conservation function and economic benefit of Medicago sativa[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2004,25(3):39-42.
基金
收稿日期:2012-03-12 修回日期:2013-03-19
基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项重大项目(201004004); 北京林业大学“985”优势学科创新平台开放基金(000-1108003)
第一作者:黄祥丰,硕士生。*通信作者:贾黎明,教授。E-mail: jlm@bjfu.edu.cn。
引文格式:黄祥丰,向地奎,贾黎明,等. 间作苜蓿对毛白杨纸浆林生长和地力的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(4):39-44.
PDF(713555 KB)
