根据黑河市森林调查的实测数据和1971—2011年间森林火灾的统计资料,采用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,通过大量野外火烧迹地的调查,结合实验室的控制实验,确定森林火灾碳排放的各计量参数,并利用排放因子的方法,估算了黑河市41年间森林火灾碳排放量和含碳气体排放量。结果表明:41年间黑河市森林火灾碳排放量为4.00×107 t,年均排放量为9.76×105 t,约占全国年均森林火灾碳排放量的8.63%; 含碳气体CO2、CO、CH4和非甲烷烃(NMHC)的排放量分别为1.24×108、6.51×106、4.30×105和3.47×105 t,年均排放量分别为3.01×106、1.59×105、1.05×104和8.46×103 t,分别占全国年均森林火灾各含碳气体排放量的7.42%、5.86%、9.37%和7.49%。研究发现针阔混交林型的森林火灾面积占总过火林地面积的42.73%,由于该林型燃烧效率较低,其森林火灾中的碳排放量仅占排放总量的29.61%,且CO2的排放因子较低,其CO2排放量仅占CO2总排放量的30.11%。同时研究表明,黑河市年均碳排放对该市的碳循环与碳平衡产生重要影响,针对研究结果提出了合理的林火管理路径。
Abstract
We estimated the emission of carbon and carbonaceous gases including carbon dioxide(CO2), carbon monoxide(CO), methane(CH4), and nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHC)from forest fires from 1971 to 2011 in Heihe city of Heilongjiang province, China. We used a geographic information system(GIS)-based modeling approach to estimale emissions through a two-step procedure. In step one, we calculated total carbon released from forest fires in Heihe for selected years between 1971 and 2011 by merging and analyzing several measurement parameters. In step two, we calculated amounts of four carbonaceous gases released during the burn, CO2, CO, CH4, and NMHC, using several different experimentally derived emission factors. The origin of each of the inputs used in our models was based on a combination of analysis of forest fire inventory, forest resources inventory, field research, and laboratory experiments. Direct total carbon emissions from forest fires in Heihe during 1971 to 2011 was about 4.00×107 t, and mean annual carbon emissions was about 9.76×105 t per year, accounting for 8.63% of the direct total carbon emissions from forest fires in China. Amount of carbon emission resulted from the atmospheric emissions of four trace gases was as follows:the emissions of CO2, CO, CH4 and NMHC from forest fires were 1.24×108,6.51×106,4.30×105, and 3.47×105 t, respectively, and mean annual emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, and NMHC from forest fires were 3.01×106,1.59×105,1.05×104, and 8.46×103, respectively, accounting for 7.42%, 5.86%, 9.37% and 7.49% of amounts of four carbonaceous gases released from forest fires in China, respectively. We promoted the corresponding forest fire management strategy. At the same time, the studies showed that the area mean annual carbon emissions had an important impact on the regional carbon balance. We suggested that the management strategy of forest fire should strengthen the sustainable management of forest fuel.
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 胡海清,魏书精,魏书威,等.气候变暖背景下火干扰对森林生态系统碳循环的影响[J].灾害学,2012,27(4):37-41. Hu H Q, Wei S J, Wei S W, et al. Effect of fire disturbance on forest ecosystem carbon cycle under the background of climate warming[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2012, 27(4):37-41.
[2] Cahoon D R Jr, Stocks B J, Levine J S, et al. Satellite analysis of the severe 1987 forest fires in northern China and southeastern Siberia[J].Journal of Geophysics Research, 1994, 97:805-814.
[3] 胡海清,魏书精,金森,等.森林火灾碳排放计量模型研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1423-1434. Hu H Q, Wei S J, Jin S, et al. Measurement model of carbon emission from forest fire:A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(5):1423-1434.
[4] 王效科,冯宗炜,庄亚辉.中国森林火灾释放的C02、CO和CH4研究[J].林业科学,2001,37(1):90-95. Wang X K, Feng Z W, Zhuang Y H. CO2, CO and CH4 emissions from forest fires in China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2001, 37(1):90-95.
[5] Lü A F, Tian H Q, Liu M L,et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions from forest fires in China from 1950 to 2000[J].Journal of Geophysics Research, 2006,111:doi:10.1029/2005JD006198.
[6] 胡海清,魏书精,孙龙.1965-2010年大兴安岭森林火灾碳排放的估算研究[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(7):629-644. Hu H Q, Wei S J, Sun L. Estimation of carbon emissions due to forest fire in Daxingan Mountains from 1965-2010[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(7):629-644.
[7] 胡海清,魏书精,孙龙.大兴安岭2001—2010年森林火灾碳排放的计量估算[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5373-5386. Hu H Q, Wei S J, Sun L. Estimating carbon emissions from forest fires during 2001-2010 in Daxing’anling Mountain[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(17):5373-5386.
[8] 胡海清,魏书精,孙龙.大兴安岭呼中区2010年森林火灾碳排放的计量估算[J].林业科学,2012,48(10):109-119. Hu H Q, Wei S J, Sun L. Estimating of carbon emissions from forest fires in 2010 in Huzhong of Daxing’anling Mountain[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2012, 48(10):109-119.
[9] 刘滨凡,刘广菊,李凤芝.黑河地区火干扰后天然次生林的分布格局[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(8):31-38. Liu B F, Liu G J, Li F Z. Distribution pattern of natural secondary forests in Heihe regions after fire disturbance [J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2009,37(8):31-38.
[10] 魏书精,孙龙,魏书威,等.气候变化对森林灾害的影响及防控策略[J].灾害学,2013,28(1):36-64. Wei S J, Sun L, Wei S W, et al. Effect of climate change on forest disasters and the preventive measures[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2013,28(1):36-64.
基金
收稿日期:2012-11-08 修回日期:2013-10-23
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51208244,31070544); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB403203); 黑龙江省科技攻关重点项目(GA09B201-06); 国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201004003-3)
第一作者:魏书精,博士。*通信作者:胡海清,教授,博士。E-mail: weishujing2003@163.com。
引文格式:魏书精,罗碧珍,魏书威,等. 黑河市森林火灾碳排放的计量估算研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(1):70-76.
PDF(1713530 KB)
