对苏北沿海地区4、9和20年生杨树人工林的土壤动物群落结构进行了调查和分析,结果表明:(1)共捕获土壤动物113 994只,隶属3门9纲23目。共有优势类群为甲螨亚目和前气门亚目,共有常见类群为等翅目。(2)各林龄杨树林土壤动物个体密度差异显著(p<0.05),但土壤动物类群数无显著差异(p>0.05); 各林龄中土壤动物总密度从大到小依次为:4年生林、9年生林、20年生林,土壤动物的优势类群和常见类群有显著不同。(3)各林龄杨树林土壤层的土壤动物个体密度和类群数显著高于凋落物层的(p<0.05)。(4)不同林龄林地以及不同季节的土壤动物多样性指数间差异均不显著(p>0.05)。各林龄杨树林土壤动物群落相似度随季节变化而不同,其中9年生与20年生杨树林的相似度较高。研究表明,不同林龄杨树人工林土壤动物的群落结构特征不同,即不同林龄杨树林改变了土壤动物的多度以及类群结构,但对动物类群数量没有明显影响。
Abstract
The author conducted a study on the composition and its dynamics of soil faunas under different age poplar plantations in the coastal area of north Jiangsu. The results showed that:(1)There were 113 994 soil faunas in the investigation, which belonged to 3 Phyla, 9 Classes and 23 Orders. The dominanted groups were Oribatida and Prostigmata, the common ordinary group was Isoptera.(2)The taxonomic group number of soil fauna was not significant(p>0.05)among different age poplar plantations, while a significant difference of soil fauna individual density(p<0.05)was observed in the three sites. The order of soil fauna density was: 4 years old poplar plantation, 9 years old poplar plantation, 20 years old poplar plantation. The dominant groups and ordinary groups of soil fauna community were differnent across the different age poplar plantations.(3)The individual density and taxonomic number of soil fauna in 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly higher(p<0.05)than in litter of different age poplar plantations.(4)The diversity index of soil fauna was not significant(p>0.05)among different age poplar plantations and different seasons. Jaccard index of soil fauna communities varied according to the changed seasons among different age poplar plantations, the similarity between 9 years old poplar plantation and 20 years old plantation were high. The results indicated that there were different characteristics of soil fauna community in different age poplar plantations, the different age poplar plantations changed the soil fauna abundance and group structure, but has no significant effect on soil fauna group numbers.
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Noble J C, Whitford W G, Kaliszweski M. Soil land litter microarthropod populations from two contrasting ecosystems in semi-arid eastern Australia[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,1996,32(3):329-346.
[2] Huhta V.The role of soil fauna in ecosystems: A historical review[J].Pedobiologia,2007,50:489-495.
[3] Birkhofer K,Bezemer T M,Bloem J,et al.Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(9):2297-2308.
[4] Darby B J,Neher D A,Housman D C,et al.Few apparent short-term effects of elevated soil temperature and increased frequency of summer precipitation on the abundance and taxonomic diversity of desert soil micro-and meso-fauna[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2011,43(7):1474-1481.
[5] Bird S,Coulson R N,Crossley D A.Impacts of silvicultural practices on soil and litter arthropod diversity in a Texas pine plantation[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2000,131(1):65-80.
[6] Maharning A R, Mills A A S, Adl S M.Soil community changes during secondary succession to naturalized grasslands[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2009,41(2):137-147.
[7] 易兰,由文辉,宋永昌.天童常绿阔叶林五个演替阶段凋落物中的土壤动物群落[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):466-473. Yi L,You W H,Song Y C. Soil animal communities in the litter of the evergreen broad-leaved forest at five succession stages in Tiantong[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(3):466-473.
[8] 黄旭,文维全,张健,等.川西高山典型自然植被土壤动物多样性[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(1):181-190. Huang X,Wen W Q,Zhang J,et al.Soil faunal diversity under typical alpine vegetations in west Sichuan[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(1):181-190.
[9] Scheu S,Albers D,Alphei J,et al.The soil fauna community in pure and mixed stands of beech and spruce of different age: Trophic structure and structuring forces[J].Oikos,2003,101(2):225-238.
[10] 尹文英,杨逢春,王振中.中国亚热带土壤动物[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[11] 尹文英,胡圣豪,沈韫芬,等.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[12] 李鸿兴,隋敬之,周士秀,等.昆虫分类检索[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.
[13] 谭波,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.川西亚高山/高山森林大型土壤动物群落多样性及其对季节性冻融的响应[J].生物多样性,2012,20(2):215-223. Tan B,Wu F Z,Yang W Q,et al.Soil macro-fauna community diversity and its response to seasonal freeze-thaw in the subalpine / alpine forests of western Sichuan[J].Biodiversity Science,2012,20(2):215-223.
[14] Pielou E C.Ecology Diversity [M].New York:John Wieley & Sons,1975.
[15] 马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[16] 徐国良,周国逸,莫江明,等.鹤山丘陵退化生态系统植被恢复的土壤动物群落结构[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1670-1677 Xu G L,Zhou G Y,Mo J M,et al.The responses of soil fauna composition to forest restoration in Heshan[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1670-1677.
[17] 袁志忠,崔洋,颜绍馗.叶凋落物数量和类型对森林土壤动物及其生物学质量的影响[J].生物多样性,2013,21(2):206-213. Yuan Z Z,Cui Y,Yan S K.Effect of leaf litter quantity and type on forest soil fauna and biological quality[J].Biodiversity Science,2013,21(2):206-213.
[18] 肖玖金,张健,黄玉梅,等.采伐干扰前后巨桉人工林土壤动物群落比较[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(1):73-77. Xiao J J,Zhang J,Huang Y M,et al.Variation of soil fauna community in Eucalyptus grandis plantation before and after felling disturbance[J].Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology,2011,17(1):73-77.
基金
收稿日期:2014-01-05 修回日期:2014-04-05
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB416904); 国家自然科学基金项目(31270489); 江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(CXLX12-0521)
第一作者:谭艳,硕士生。*通信作者:王邵军,副教授。E-mail:shaojunwang2009@163.com。阮宏华,教授。E-mail:hhruan@njfu.edu.cn。
引文格式:谭艳,王邵军,阮宏华,等. 不同林龄杨树人工林土壤动物群落结构特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(3):8-12.
PDF(1463242 KB)
