为探索绿孔雀的空间分布模式及其成因,笔者以云南省楚雄州恐龙河自然保护区磨家湾绿孔雀(Pavo muticus)为对象,设置觅食地与对照样地各36个,夜宿地与对照样地各16个,每个样地均观测了相同的21个环境因子,对比分析了各种环境特征之间的差异,及其对绿孔雀栖息地选择的综合影响。结果表明:食物和隐蔽条件是影响绿孔雀觅食地选择的要素,与对照样地相比,绿孔雀偏好选择沿山谷分布坡度较缓的向阳坡面,且常接近水源和小路的区域觅食,该区域乔木高大、郁闭度高、树种和藤本较多; 乔木盖度和胸径是影响绿孔雀夜宿地选择的主要因子,绿孔雀偏好选择乔木郁闭、高大的林型作为夜宿地。DCCA分析结果表明,绿孔雀的栖息地选择与环境因子之间具有多维相互作用关系,觅食地和夜宿地在环境特征上存在分化,在觅食地和夜宿地之间呈现垂直迁徙的日活动规律。绿孔雀在纬度-海拔方向上的空间分布趋势较为集中,表现为聚集分布在隐蔽条件好且食物和水源丰富的区域。
Abstract
For the purpose of exploring the spatial distribution pattern and the causations of green peafowl(Pavo muticus), the authors took the green peafowl in Mojiawan, Konglonghe Natural Reserve, Chuxiong, Yunnan Province as a subject of the study, 36 foraging plots and 16 roosting sites were set up, an equal number of available plots corresponding to forging plots and roosting plots were also set up respectively. There were 21 identical environmental factors of each compared sample plot were all observed, and the differences among the various environmental features as well as their overall impacts on the habitat selection of green peafowl were comparatively analyzed. Research results showed that food and shelter conditions are factors influencing the feeding site selection of green peafowl. Green peafowl tend to select the sunny slopes spread along the valleys, the slope gradient of which is smaller than that of compared sample plots. Green peafowl often forage close to water sources and paths, where there are more varieties of trees and more lianas with taller trees, at same time coverage of trees and diameter at breast height is the main factors affecting the roosting site selection of green peafowl. In addition green peafowl prefer to choose the tall forest types with high shade degree as roosting sites. DCCA analysis results showed that the habitat selection of green peafowl has a multidimensional interaction with the environmental factors, and that there exists differentiation between their foraging plots and their roosting sites in environmental characteristics, and that the vertical migration pattern of daily activity has been displayed. The spatial distribution of green peafowl in the direction of latitude—altitude is more concentrated, which is shown by the accumulative distribution in the areas with good concealment conditions and abundant food and water resources.
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基金
收稿日期:2014-11-13 修回日期:2016-01-14
基金项目:国家林业局2009年珍稀濒危物种调查监管资助项目; 云南省重点学科资助项目(XKZ200904)
第一作者:李旭(lixu.swfu@hotmail.com),副教授。*通信作者:周伟(weizhouyn@163.com),教授。
引文格式:李旭,刘钊,周伟,等. 云南楚雄恐龙河保护区绿孔雀春季栖息地选择和空间分布[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):87-93.
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