【目的】提出一种全新的修枝经营措施优化评价方法即综合修枝效应速度最大化的方法,以期为连续、充分发挥修枝促进植株生长与改良干材品质效应提供参考。【方法】在田间修枝试验基础上,通过修枝效应速度转换与显著性分析,构建修枝效应的评价指标体系,然后利用主成分分析法建立修枝效应速度的综合得分值数学模型,最后通过比较修枝措施的综合得分值优化修枝措施与验证,实现修枝经营措施优化。 运用此法在福建明溪开展南方红豆杉修枝强度试验并验证此方法成效,优化南方红豆杉修枝强度与间隔期组合。【结果】修枝强度与间隔期组合显著影响南方红豆杉生长及干形形质性状,进行修枝经营措施优化是必要的。采用综合修枝效应速度最大化的方法,南方红豆杉修枝优化组合为从地面起相对全树高30%的修枝强度与间隔期4 a,优化组合的材积与胸高形数的修枝效应速度分别为每年4.11%、0.48%,修枝优化组合的材积显著增长15.94%,胸高形数显著提高2.04%,促进生长与改良干材品质效果理想。【结论】综合修枝效应速度最大化的方法作为修枝经营措施优化评价方法具有操作性强、精确度高等特点,可极大地提高林木的生长并改良干材品质。
Abstract
【Objective】In order to accelerate tree growths and improve lumber quality, a new pruning optimization and evaluation method(maximizing speed of comprehensive pruning effect)was proposed.【Method】Based on the pruning field experiments, this method created a pruning effect evaluation index system by changing pruning effect speed and significance analysis. Then a mathematical model with comprehensive scores of pruning effect speed was developed using the principal component analysis(PCA). Finally the optimized pruning measures were obtained by using the comparison of comprehensive scores of the pruning measurement and validation. As a result, the pruning measurement optimization was achieved. A pruning intensity test of Taxus wallichina var. mairei was carried out in Mingxi, Fujian Province to verify the effectiveness of the method, which preliminarily realized the optimization of pruning intensity and interval combination. 【Result】The pruning intensity and interval combination significantly affected the tree growth and trunk shape traits, and it is necessary to optimize the pruning operation methods. The pruning optimum combination of Taxus wallichina var. mairei were 0.3 pruning intensity and four-year interval period by using maximizing speed of comprehensive pruning effect method. The optimum combination of pruning effect rate on the volume and breast height form was 4.11% per year and 0.48% per year, respectively. The volume of pruning optimum combination significantly increased by 15.94%, and the breast height form significantly increased by 2.04%, illustrating that the pruning optimum combination effectively accelerated tree growth and improved lumber quality.【Conclusion】The new pruning optimization and evaluation method(maximizing speed of comprehensive pruning effect)had strong operation and high accuracy, it can greatly accelerate tree growth of forests and improve lumber quality.
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基金
基金项目:中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(闽[2015]TG05号); 三明市林业重大科研项目(2015-4)
第一作者:欧建德(smmxojd@163.com),教授级高级工程师。
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