南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (01): 120-126.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201703062

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

地面滴灌龙脑香樟人工林的土壤水分运动规律

张银荣1,兰再平1*,彭晶晶1,秘洪雷1,马 鑫1,贺 新1,楼 杰2   

  1. 1.中国林业科学研究院世界银行项目办公室,北京 100091; 2.浙江龙香御林林业科技开发有限公司, 浙江 杭州 310026
  • 出版日期:2018-03-30 发布日期:2018-03-30
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:中国林科院与浙江龙番御林林业科技开发有限公司院企合作项目(2016043001) 第一作者:张银荣(1552465149@qq.com)。*通信作者:兰再平(wboffice@caf.ac.cn),研究员。

Soil water movement in Cinnamomum camphora plantation under drip irrigation

ZHANG Yinrong1, LAN Zaiping1*, PENG Jingjing1, BI Honglei1, MA Xin1, HE Xin 1, LOU Jie2   

  1. 1.World Bank Loan Project Office, Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China; 2.Zhejiang Longxiangyulin Forestry Science and Technology Development Limited Comporation, Hangzhou 310026,China
  • Online:2018-03-30 Published:2018-03-30

摘要: 【目的】研究在滴头流量恒定、不同滴灌时长下香樟人工林地黄红壤中水分的运动规律。【方法】以浙江余杭地面滴灌方式栽培的1年生龙脑香樟(Cinnamonmum camphora)人工林为对象,通过开挖土壤剖面,布设土壤湿度传感器,测定不同滴灌时长和停灌后土壤湿润锋的运移、土壤体积含水量的变化,以及最终形成的土壤湿润体的形态。【结果】①持续滴灌1~6 h,土壤湿润锋在垂直方向和水平方向上的转移速率均与入渗时间有极显著的幂函数关系,R2值均在0.97以上,各滴灌时长的湿润锋最终水平运移距离最大值均在地表; ②不同滴灌时长条件下,停灌后土壤湿润锋在垂直方向和水平方向上继续运移1~2 h,土壤湿润体的形状近似从1个平卧的圆锥体向直立的半椭球体转变; ③持续滴灌6 h过程中,20和40 cm土层各测点土壤体积含水量都呈现先急速后缓慢增长到趋于平稳的变化规律,分别滴灌1.5、3.0、6.0 h可使20 cm土层的点源正下方、距点源水平20 cm和30 cm的含水量达到田间持水量水平以上; 分别滴灌2.0和4.0 h可使40 cm土层点源正下方、距点源水平20 cm的含水量达到田间持水量水平以上; 停灌后48 h内各测点含水量均保持在田间持水量的70%以上。【结论】对于龙脑香樟人工林的栽培,地面滴灌的合理设计是滴头流量应为2 L/h,滴头间距应为40 cm; 容器苗造林应在生根期每次滴灌2~3 h,高生长期每次滴灌4~5 h; 灌溉应适时适量,以保证林分生长需要。

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different drip irrigation time on the patterns of soil water movement in yellow red soil for 1 year in Cinnamomum camphora plantation under drip irrigation in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province in a subtropical region.【Method】 We measured the movement process of the soil wetting front, soil volumetic water content(SVWC), and the shape of the wetting soil after stopping drip irrigation by observing the soil profile in the field and analyzing soil moisture sensor data with a constant flow rate of 2 L/h.【Result】①The advancing rate of the soil wetting front in both horizontal and vertical directions had an extremely significant power function relationship with infiltration time from continuous drip irrigation of 1-6 h, and the R2 values were all above 0.97, and the final movement distance of the soil wetting front for different drip irrigation time in the horizontal direction in various soil levels all were on the surface of the soil. ② Movement duration of the soil wetting front after stopping different drip irrigation time were 1-2 h, and the shape of the wetting soil was similar to that of the hypothesized conicalness into a vertical semi-ellipsoid. ③During continuous drip irrigation of 6 h, the changing process of SVWC at various testing locations at both 20 and 40 cm was monitored. Water had a tendency of rapidly increasing, then slowly increasing, and finally remaining stable after drip irrigation of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 h, respectively. The SVWC increased over levels of the field water capacity(FWC)at testing locations of 0, 20 and 30 cm from the point source horizontally in soil at 20 cm depth, after drip irrigation of 2.0 and 4.0 h, respectively. The SVWC increased over levels of the FWC at testing locations of 0 and 20 cm from the point source horizontally in soil at 40 cm depth, and the SVWC remained over 70% FWC in 48 h after stopping irrigation at various testing locations at both 20 and 40 cm.【Conclusion】Based on the study of the Cinnamomum camphora plantation under drip irrigation, the flow rate of 2 L/h was reasonable, and the drop of space designed to 40 cm was better. For planting container seedlings, drip irrigation of 2-3 h is needed in the early rooting period and 4-5 h in the late growing period. Irrigation should be timely and adequate to assure stand growth needs.

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