川中丘陵区4种乡土阔叶树细根性状对比研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201811008

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 31-38.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201811008

川中丘陵区4种乡土阔叶树细根性状对比研究

陈俊华¹^,²(), 周大松¹^,², 牛牧³, 别鹏飞⁴, 谢天资¹^,², 赵润⁴, 慕长龙¹^,²^,^*()

1.四川省林业科学研究院,森林与湿地生态恢复与保育四川省重点实验室,四川成都 610081
2.四川龙门山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,四川平武 622550
3.北京林业大学林学院,北京 100083
4.绵阳师范学院生命科学与技术学院,四川绵阳 621000

收稿日期:2018-11-05 修回日期:2019-09-06 出版日期:2020-02-08 发布日期:2020-02-02
通讯作者: 慕长龙
作者简介:陈俊华( 295454166@qq.com),研究员,ORCID (0000-0001-8549-6970)。
基金资助:
“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD07B0402)

Comparative analysis on the fine root traits of the four native broad-leaved trees in the hilly region of central Sichuan Province

CHEN Junhua¹^,²(), ZHOU Dasong¹^,², NIU Mu³, BIE Pengfei⁴, XIE Tianzi¹^,², ZHAO Run⁴, MU Changlong¹^,²^,^*()

1. Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Chengdu 610081, China
2. Sichuan Longmenshan National Positioning Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Pingwu 622550, China
3. College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
4. Life Science and Technology College, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang 621000, China

Received:2018-11-05 Revised:2019-09-06 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-02-02
Contact: MU Changlong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】川中丘陵区的主要防护林分为柏木(Cupressus funebris)人工林,由于密度过大、树种单一,严重影响其综合效益的发挥。加上该区域土壤类型大多为紫色土,土层瘠薄、肥力低下,能够适应的树种不多。探明川中丘陵区带状补植的4种乡土阔叶树种[桤木(Alnus cremastogyne)、喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、香椿(Toona sinensis)]的细根性状特征,了解它们对地下资源利用策略的种间差异,为该区域防护林树种的选择和经营提供依据。【方法】选择川中丘陵区“带状采伐+补阔”改造的人工柏木林分作为研究对象,对补植的林龄为7 a的4种乡土阔叶树——桤木、喜树、香樟、香椿,各选取5株长势均匀、良好的植株,采用“全株挖掘法”挖取其根系,研究其细根(直径<2 mm)的生物量、形态以及分支结构等性状特征。【结果】①桤木细根的生物量密度为(0.156±0.030) kg/m³,分别是喜树、香樟和香椿的15.67、11.72和4.61倍。桤木、喜树、香樟、香椿的细根表面积密度分别是0.99、0.45、0.68和1.13 m²/m³;根长密度分别是110.33、10.58、26.64和97.56 m/m³。②4种阔叶树细根的平均直径大小依次为喜树(1.67 mm)>香樟(1.06 mm)>香椿(0.77 mm) > 桤木(0.73 mm)。桤木、喜树、香樟、香椿的比根长和比表面积分别是62.54、49.31、81.53、287.50 cm/g和13.58、25.61、27.35、83.15 cm²/g。桤木的根组织密度显著高于其他3个树种(df=3, F=360.726, P<0.05)。③桤木的比根尖数、根尖密度、分枝密度分别为1 056个/g、2.37个/cm、2.65个/cm,均明显高于喜树、香樟、香椿3个阔叶树种(df=3,F=391.659,P<0.01;df=3,F=103.857, P<0.05;df=3,F=104.617, P<0.05)。④桤木细根中全氮含量分别比喜树、香樟、香椿高33.27%、88.65%、21.93%。香椿的全碳、全磷、全钾储量在4种树种中均最高。【结论】在带状采伐的前几年,由于采伐带内阳光充足,作为阳性树种的桤木和香椿,表现出强劲的竞争力,细根生物量密度较大。另一方面,改造初期,由于土层瘠薄,土壤水分含量较低,作为浅根性树种的桤木和香椿,通过增加水平根系的分支来获取更多的土壤空间从而吸收更多的营养,而香樟和喜树则通过增加细根直径和垂直深度来获取土壤空间,提高获取营养的能力。由此可见,川中丘陵区的4种阔叶树的细根性状具有明显差异,反映了不同的资源获取策略。

关键词: 乡土阔叶树, 细根性状, 细根形态, 细根分支结构, 养分含量, 川中丘陵区

Abstract:

【Objective】 Although cypress (Cupressus funebris) plantations are the predominant type of protected forests in the central Sichuan hilly region of China, their comprehensive benefits have not yet to be realized, owing to the high-density nature of stands and single-species composition. Moreover, only a few tree species can adapt to the central Sichuan hilly region, which is characterized by shallow infertile purple soils. In order to gain scientific evidence on which to base the selection and management of protected forest species in the central Sichuan hilly region, we examined the fine root traits of four native broad-leaved tree species (Alnus cremastogyne, Camptotheca acuminata, Cinnamomum camphora and Toona sinensis), which were planted in strips cut in cypress stands to determine differences in the utilization of below-ground resources among these four species. 【Method】 In order to enhance Cupressus funebris monoculture, we examined the effects Cupressus funebris stand modification by cutting strips among the Cupressus funebris trees and replanting these with four native broad-leaved tree species ( A. cremastogyne, Camptotheca acuminata, Cinnamomum camphora and T. sinensis) 7 years age. Five typical healthy individuals of each tree species were selected and we extracted whole root systems in order to analyze features such as fine root (diameter < 2 mm) biomass traits, morphological characteristics, and branching structure. 【Result】 ① We observed that the root biomass density of fine roots was highest in A. cremastogyne [(0.156 ± 0.030) kg/m ³], which was 15.67, 11.72 and 4.61 times higher than that ofCamptotheca acuminata, Cinnamomum camphora and T. sinensis, respectively. The root surface area density of A. cremastogyne, Camptotheca acuminata, Cinnamomum camphora and T. sinensis was 0.99, 0.45, 0.68 and 1.13 m²/m³, respectively, and the root length density was 110.33, 10.58, 26.64 and 97.56 m/m³, respectively. ② The average root diameter of the four species was ranked as Camptotheca acuminata (1.67 mm) > Cinnamomum camphora (1.06 mm) > T. sinensis (0.77 mm) > A. cremastogyne (0.73 mm). The specific root lengths for A. cremastogyne, Camptotheca acuminata, Cinnamomum camphora and T. sinensis were 62.54, 49.31, 81.53, 287.50 cm/g, whereas their specific root surface areas were 13.58, 25.61, 27.35 and 83.15 cm²/g, respectively. The root tissue density of A. cremastogyne was found to be significantly higher than that of the other three species (df = 3, F = 360.726, P < 0.05). ③ The specific root tip number (df = 3, F = 391.659, P < 0.01), root tip density (df = 3, F = 103.857, P < 0.05), and root fork density (df = 3, F = 104.617, P < 0.05) of A. cremastogyne were 1 056 tips/g, 2.37 tips/cm and 2.65 tips/cm respectively, which were also significantly higher than those of the other three species. ④ Although the total N content in the fine roots of A. cremastogyne was 33.27%, 88.65% and 21.93% higher than that of Camptotheca acuminata, Cinnamomum camphora and T. sinensis, the reserves of total C, total P and total K content were found to be highest in T. sinensis. 【Conclusion】 In the early stages of stand transformation, A. cremastogyne and T. sinensis (which are the light demanding tree species) have higher root biomass density and stronger competitiveness due to the abundance of sunlight in the cut strips. Furthermore, during the early stage of this study, the experimental stand was characterized by poor soil quality and low soil moisture content, conditions under which these two shallow-rooted tree species can gain access to larger amounts soil space and nutrients by increasing the branching of horizontal roots. In contrast,Camptotheca camphora and Cinnamomum acuminate acquire soil space and nutrients by increasing fine-root diameter and vertical depth. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in the fine-root traits of four examined broad-leaved trees species growing in the central Sichuan hilly region of China, and that these difference reflect differences in the strategies used for resource acquisition.

Key words: native broad-leaved tree, fine root trait, fine root morphological characteristic, fine root branching structure, nutrient content, hilly region of central Sichuan Province

中图分类号:

S718

陈俊华,周大松,牛牧,等. 川中丘陵区4种乡土阔叶树细根性状对比研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(1): 31-38.

CHEN Junhua, ZHOU Dasong, NIU Mu, BIE Pengfei, XIE Tianzi, ZHAO Run, MU Changlong. Comparative analysis on the fine root traits of the four native broad-leaved trees in the hilly region of central Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(1): 31-38.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201811008.

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林分类型 stand type	海拔/m altitude	坡度/ (°) slope	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stand density	平均树高/ m mean tree height	平均胸径/ cm mean DBH	土壤容重/ (g·cm^-3) bulk density	pH	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1) organic matter content	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) TN content	全磷含量/ (g·kg^-1) TP content
桤木A. cremastogyne	469	12	2 578	9.30	7.64	1.35	8.58	9.37	1.73	0.52
喜树C. acuminata	475	10	2 597	8.11	5.30	1.52	8.13	8.16	1.14	0.39
香樟C. camphora	458	13	2 592	8.91	6.22	1.48	8.62	10.26	1.28	0.67
香椿T. sinensis	482	16	2 601	8.13	5.63	1.35	8.31	7.79	0.94	0.62

树种 tree species	根生物量密度/ (kg·m^-3) root biomass density	根表面积密度/ (m²·m^-3) root surface area density	根长密度/ (m·m^-3) root length density
桤木A. cremastogyne	0.156±0.030 a	0.99±0.20 a	110.33±14.07 a
喜树C. acuminata	0.010±0.002 c	0.45±0.06 c	10.58±0.68 d
香樟C. camphora	0.013±0.002 c	0.68±0.06 b	26.64±2.47 c
香椿T. sinensis	0.034±0.004 b	1.13±0.12 a	97.56±7.13 b

树种 tree species	全氮含量 TN content	全碳含量 TC content	全磷含量 TP content	全钾含量 TK content
桤木A. cremastogyne	10.385±1.737 a	437.379±18.501 c	0.566±0.069 b	3.282±0.565 d
喜树C. acuminata	7.793±0.824 c	433.130±8.888 c	0.411±0.082 c	13.921±1.116 b
香樟C. camphora	5.505±0.587 d	468.383±16.238 b	0.327±0.070 c	7.047±0.556 c
香椿T. sinensis	8.517±1.128 b	545.497±26.243 a	0.624±0.086 a	15.233±1.625 a

川中丘陵区4种乡土阔叶树细根性状对比研究

Comparative analysis on the fine root traits of the four native broad-leaved trees in the hilly region of central Sichuan Province

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