10年生木荷生长和材性性状家系变异及选择

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202003086

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 85-92.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202003086

10年生木荷生长和材性性状家系变异及选择

王云鹏¹(), 张蕊¹^,^*(), 周志春¹, 华斌², 黄少华², 马丽珍², 范辉华³

1.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所, 浙江省林木育种技术重点实验室,浙江杭州 311400
2.杭州市富阳区农业林业资源保护中心,浙江杭州 311400
3.福建省建瓯市林业技术推广中心,福建建瓯 353100
4.福建省林业科学研究院,福建福州 350012

收稿日期:2020-03-30 修回日期:2020-05-12 出版日期:2020-10-30 发布日期:2020-10-30
通讯作者: 张蕊
基金资助:
浙江省农业(林木)新品种选育重大科技专项重点课题(2016C02056-3);江西省科技创新专项(201919);福建省林木种苗科技攻关六期项目专项(201904)

A variation and selection of growth and wood traits for 10-year-old Schima superba

WANG Yunpeng¹(), ZHANG Rui¹^,^*(), ZHOU Zhichun¹, HUA Bin², HUANG Shaohua², MA Lizhen², FAN Huihua³

1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
2. Agriculture and Forestry Resources Protection Center of Fuyang District, Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311400,China
3. Forestry Technology Popularization Center of Jian’ou, Jian’ou 353100, China;
4. Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China

Received:2020-03-30 Revised:2020-05-12 Online:2020-10-30 Published:2020-10-30
Contact: ZHANG Rui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析10年生木荷优树自由授粉家系生长和材性性状的遗传变异及相关性,选择生长兼材性优良的家系,为木荷高世代育种和改良提供材料。【方法】以2008年在福建建瓯营建的113个木荷优树自由授粉家系为材料,探讨树高、胸径和木材基本密度的遗传变异规律,并进行遗传参数估算和相关性分析,在此基础上选择生长和材性兼优的家系。【结果】10年生木荷优树自由授粉家系的树高、胸径和木材基本密度均在家系间呈极显著差异。木材基本密度受遗传效应影响较大,而树高和胸径除受遗传控制,还受遗传和环境互作的影响。树高和胸径在产地间差异极显著,而木材基本密度差异不显著。表型变异系数和遗传变异系数由大到小依次为胸径(12.13%和7.74%)、树高(8.28%和3.58%)、木材基本密度(2.82%和1.92%),说明胸径在家系间变异较大,木材基本密度变异较小。遗传力估算结果显示,家系遗传力和单株遗传力由大到小依次为木材基本密度(0.48和0.42)、胸径(0.44和0.35)、树高(0.32和0.26),它们受中度偏强的遗传控制;表型和遗传相关结果显示,树高与胸径间呈极显著正相关,而树高和胸径与木材基本密度间无相关性,因此,生长性状与木材基本密度可独立选择。以分别大于家系胸径均值的10%和木材基本密度平均值为选择标准,选择出13个生长兼材性优良的家系,胸径和木材基本密度的平均遗传增益分别为6.99%和1.18%,平均现实增益分别为16.08%和2.42%。【结论】供试木荷生长性状除遗传控制,还受遗传与环境互作的影响,木材基本密度受遗传效应的影响较大。胸径具有较强的变异性;木材基本密度受遗传控制较强。生长性状和木材基本密度可独立选择。本次从113个木荷优树自由授粉家系中选择出了13个生长兼材性优良的家系。

关键词: 木荷, 生长性状, 木材基本密度, 遗传变异, 家系选择

Abstract:

【Objective】 To analyze the genetic variation and correlation of growth and wood traits in 10-year-old Schima superba open-pollinated families and select families with excellent growth and wood traits that can provide quality material for high-generation breeding and improvement of S. superba. 【Method】The 113 open-pollinated families of S. superba plus trees established in Jian’ou of Fujian Province in 2008 were used as experimental materials. Genetic variation, genetic parameter estimation and the correlation analysis were carried out on tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and basic wood density. On this basis, families with high-quality growth and wood traits were selected. 【Result】 The tree height, DBH and basic wood density of the 10-year-old S. superba open-pollinated families showed significant differences among families. The basic wood density was greatly affected by genetic effects, while tree height and DBH were affected by genetic and environmental effects in addition to the genetic control. The differences in tree height and DBH between producing areas were highly significant, while the differences in basic wood density were not significant. The phenotype variation coefficient and genetic variation coefficient were followed by DBH (12.13%, 7.74%), tree height (8.28%, 3.58%), and basic wood density (2.82%, 1.92%), indicating a large variation between families in DBH and a small variation in basic wood density. The results of heritability estimation showed that the family heritability and the individual heritability were in the order of basic wood density (0.48, 0.42), DBH (0.44, 0.35) and tree height (0.32, 0.26), which were subject to moderate to strong genetic control. Phenotypic and genetic correlation results showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between tree height and DBH, while there was no correlation between growth traits and basic wood density. Therefore, growth traits and basic wood density could be independently selected. Thirteen families with excellent growth and wood traits were selected with the criteria of higher than 10% of the mean DBH and the average basic wood density. The average genetic gains of DBH and basic wood density were 6.99% and 1.18%, respectively, and the average real gains were 16.08% and 2.42%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The tree height and DBH were affected by genetic and environmental interactions in addition to the genetic control, while the basic wood density was greatly affected by genetic effects. The DBH had strong variability, and the basic wood density was strongly controlled by genetics. Growth traits and basic wood density could be selected independently. Thirteen families with excellent growth and wood traits were selected.

Key words: Schima superba, growth trait, basic wood density, genetic variation, family selection

中图分类号:

S722.5

王云鹏,张蕊,周志春,等. 10年生木荷生长和材性性状家系变异及选择[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(5): 85-92.

WANG Yunpeng, ZHANG Rui, ZHOU Zhichun, HUA Bin, HUANG Shaohua, MA Lizhen, FAN Huihua. A variation and selection of growth and wood traits for 10-year-old Schima superba[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(5): 85-92.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202003086.

图/表 7

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产地 location	编码 code	经度(E) longitude	纬度(N) latitude	海拔/m altitude
福建建瓯 Jian’ou, Fujian	JO	118°22'	26°57'	141
浙江龙泉 Longquan, Zhejiang	LQ	119°09'	28°05'	195
浙江庆元 Qingyuan, Zhejiang	QY	119°01'	27°36'	823
浙江遂昌 Suichang, Zhejiang	SC	119°14'	28°35'	274

试验组 group	性状 trait		均值 mean		标准差 standard deviation		变幅 variable amplitude			F
试验组 group	性状 trait		均值 mean		标准差 standard deviation		变幅 variable amplitude			区组 block	家系 family		区组×家系 block×family
1	H/m	8.08		0.57		7.06~9.25		97.42^**	5.98^**			3.58^**
	D/cm	7.58		0.97		5.80~10.13		110.88^**	7.70^**			2.58^**
	ρ_BD/(g·cm^-3)	0.558 8		0.015 6		0.526 4~0.595 6		9.42^**	2.38^**			0.80
2	H/m	8.23		0.87		5.944~9.80		506.47^**	5.96^**			6.11^**
	D/cm	8.07		1.10		5.52~10.33		57.72^**	4.07^**			3.18^**
	ρ_BD/(g·cm^-3)	0.558 1		0.017 5		0.523 6~0.590 8		7.70^**	1.86^**			1.19
3	H/m	8.73		0.63		7.34~9.87		267.70^**	4.37^**			2.97^**
	D/cm	8.11		0.81		6.66~9.70		39.74^**	3.93^**			2.44^**
	ρ_BD/(g·cm^-3)	0.560 1		0.014 1		0.533 8~0.589 7		8.00^**	2.35^**			1.40^*

试验组 group	性状 trait	产地 location				P
试验组 group	性状 trait	福建建瓯 Jian’ou, Fujian	浙江龙泉 Longquan, Zhejiang	浙江庆元 Qingyuan, Zhejiang	浙江遂昌 Suichang, Zhejiang	P
1	H/m	8.40±0.42	7.94±0.51	7.63±0.58	7.46±0.41	<0.001^**
	D/cm	7.99±0.88	7.70±0.57	7.46±0.40	6.20±0.30	<0.001^**
	ρ_BD/(g·cm^-3)	0.563 7±0.013 0	0.552 8±0.009 0	0.555 5±0.019 0	0.550 07±0.023 0	0.215
2	H/m	8.49±0.70	8.47±0.40	8.36±1.00	7.39±0.98	0.014^*
	D/cm	8.48±0.93	8.73±0.48	7.86±0.92	6.83±0.99	<0.001^**
	ρ_BD/(g·cm^-3)	0.557 5±0.016	0.557 4±0.023 0	0.569 4±0.006 0	0.551 5±0.020 0	0.311
3	H/m	8.78±0.67	8.78±0.38	8.46±0.63	—	0.471
	D/cm	8.14±0.84	8.15±0.80	7.93±0.77	—	0.832
	ρ_BD/(g·cm^-3)	0.562 1±0.015 0	0.550 4±0.010 0	0.562 0±0.013 0	—	0.138

试验组 group	性状 trait	H	D	ρ_BD
1	H		0.89^**	0.06
	D	0.63^**		-0.02
	ρ_BD	0.10	0.14
2	H		0.41^**	-0.16
	D	0.70^**		0.09
	ρ_BD	-0.18	-0.02
3	H		0.75^**	0.34
	D	0.61^**		0.14
	ρ_BD	-0.05	-0.02

试验组 group	序号 No.		家系号 family No.		D_DBH						ρ_BD
试验组 group	序号 No.		家系号 family No.		观测值/cm observation		遗传增益/% genetic gain		现实增益/% reality gain		观测值/ (g·cm^-3) observation		遗传增益/% genetic gain	现实增益/% reality gain
1	1	JO15		9.37		15.82		23.61		0.559 0		0.02		0.03
	2	JO11		8.56		8.66		12.93		0.567 0		0.97		1.47
	3	JO61		8.41		7.35		10.96		0.595 6		4.35		6.58
	均值 mean			8.78		10.61		15.84		0.573 9		1.78		2.69
2	1	JO5		10.33		7.53		27.89		0.5814		1.58		4.17
	2	LQ14		9.55		4.91		18.19		0.564 6		0.44		1.17
	3	QY22		9.50		4.75		17.57		0.572 1		0.95		2.50
	4	JO22		9.22		3.80		14.07		0.564 3		0.42		1.10
	5	LQ12		8.98		3.02		11.18		0.590 8		2.23		5.86
	均值 mean			9.52		4.80		17.78		0.574 6		1.12		2.96
试验组 group	序号 No.		家系号 family No.		D_DBH						ρ_BD
试验组 group	序号 No.		家系号 family No.		观测值/cm observation		遗传增益/% genetic gain		现实增益/% reality gain		观测值/ (g·cm^-3) observation		遗传增益/% genetic gain	现实增益/% reality gain
3	1	JO23		9.50		6.51		17.14		0.563 4		0.23		0.59
	2	JO27		9.40		6.04		15.91		0.569 8		0.69		1.73
	3	JO58		9.32		5.67		14.92		0.572 3		0.87		2.17
	4	JO16		9.31		5.63		14.81		0.571 3		0.80		1.99
	5	QY10		8.95		3.94		10.36		0.568 7		0.62		1.54
	均值 mean			9.30		5.56		14.63		0.569 1		0.64		1.60

10年生木荷生长和材性性状家系变异及选择

A variation and selection of growth and wood traits for 10-year-old Schima superba

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