生态退杨对洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化影响研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904008

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 171-178.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904008

生态退杨对洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化影响研究

鲁宏旺¹(), 胡文敏¹(), 佘济云¹, 曾文¹, 宋亚斌²

^1.中南林业科技大学林学院，湖南长沙 410004
^2.国家林业和草原局中南调查规划设计院，湖南长沙 410014

收稿日期:2019-04-03 修回日期:2019-07-31 出版日期:2020-05-30 发布日期:2020-06-11
通讯作者: 胡文敏
作者简介:鲁宏旺（805708658@qq.com）。
基金资助:
中国洞庭湖保护区生物多样性保护与可持续利用项目(CPR/98/G32/A/1G/99);湖南省教育厅重点科研项目(104-4243)

Study on the influence of Ecological Poplar Withdrawal on the landscape pattern of Dongting Lake wetland

LU Hongwang¹(), HU Wenmin¹(), SHE Jiyun¹, ZENG Wen¹, SONG Yabin²

^1.College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
^2.Central South Inventory and Planning Institute of Forestry, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha 410014, China

Received:2019-04-03 Revised:2019-07-31 Online:2020-05-30 Published:2020-06-11
Contact: HU Wenmin

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的

对比“生态退杨”政策实施前后洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化，综合分析洞庭湖区景观格局总体变化特征，为洞庭湖的景观格局优化提供科学依据。

方法

以2014年、2016年和2018年Landsat-8卫星OLI遥感影像为数据源，利用多尺度分割分类技术方法对3期影像进行解译，结合多源辅助信息数据对解译结果进行修正，构建景观类型面积转移矩阵，并选取多个景观格局指数分析洞庭湖区实施政策前后各湿地景观类型面积变化及洞庭湖区景观格局变化总体特征。

结果

①实施“生态退杨”政策后，洞庭湖区杨树覆盖面积共减少213.761 6 km²。②各湿地景观类型变化趋势各不相同，在2014—2016年和2016—2018年2个阶段：水域景观格局前阶段趋于破碎化，后阶段趋于整体化；防护林滩地面积在前阶段少量减少，在后阶段面积大幅减少，景观格局破碎化程度增强；苔草滩地面积在前阶段增加24.118 1 km²，后阶段减少114.904 3 km²，苔草滩地斑块数量增加、平均斑块面积减小，整体景观格局趋于破碎化；林地面积在两阶段内持续减少，但景观结构较为稳定，破碎化程度降低；农用地面积在2个阶段持续增加，景观格局趋于破碎化；建设用地趋于破碎化，但集约程度较高，聚集成众多较大斑块。③洞庭湖区湿地景观格局变化的总体特征如下：景观斑块聚集程度先减小后增大，景观破碎化程度先增强后降低；湿地景观多样性先上升后下降，景观优势度先下降后上升；景观异质性呈现先下降后上升的趋势；景观格局中斑块的形状：不规则性先增大后减小、复杂程度先增强后减弱。

结论

在洞庭湖湿地实施“生态退杨”政策后，极大地优化了洞庭湖湿地景观格局，也促进了区域内生态环境的改善。

关键词: 洞庭湖, 生态退杨, 湿地景观, 景观格局指数, 转移矩阵

Abstract: Objective

To compare the changes of the landscape pattern of Dongting Lake wetland before and after the implementation of the “Ecological Poplar Withdrawal” policy, and comprehensively analyze the overall change characteristics of the landscape pattern of the Dongting Lake area, and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the landscape pattern of Dongting Lake.

Method

Using 2014, 2016 and 2018 Landsat-8 satellite OLI remote sensing images as the data source, uses multi-scale segmentation and classification technology to interpret the third-phase images, and combines the multi-source auxiliary information data to modify the interpretation results to construct landscape type area transfer matrix, and multiple landscape pattern indexes were selected to analyze the area changes of wetland landscape types before and after the implementation of the policies in the Dongting Lake area and the overall characteristics of the landscape pattern changes in the Dongting Lake area.

Result

After implementing the “Ecological Poplar Withdrawal” policy, the total area of ??poplar trees in the Dongting Lake area decreased by 213.761 6 km². The change trend of each wetland landscape type is different, in the two stages of 2014-2016 and 2016-2018: the water landscape pattern tends to be fragmented in the previous stage and integrated into the latter stage; the area of ??shelter forest land decreases slightly in the previous stage in the later stage, the area was greatly reduced, and the fragmentation of the landscape pattern was enhanced. The area of ??the moss beach increased by 24.118 1 km² in the previous stage and decreased by 114.904 3 km² in the later stage. The number of patches on the moss beach increased, the average patch area decreased, and the overall landscape pattern tended to fragment. The area of ??forest land continued to decrease in two stages, but the landscape structure was relatively stable and the degree of fragmentation decreased; the area of ??agricultural land continued to increase in two stages, the landscape pattern tended to fragment; the land for construction tended to fragment, but the degree of intensiveness is high, and many large plaques are gathered. The general characteristics of the change in the landscape pattern of the wetland in the Dongting Lake area are as follows: the degree of landscape patch aggregation decreases initially and then increases, and the degree of landscape fragmentation increases initially and then decreases; the wetland landscape diversity increases initially and then decreases, and the landscape dominance decreases initially and then increases. Landscape heterogeneity shows a trend of first decline and then increase; the shape of patches in the landscape pattern: irregularity increases initially and then decreases, and complexity increases initially and then decreases.

Conclusion

After the implementation of the “Ecological Poplar Withdrawal” policy, the government has greatly optimized the landscape pattern of the Dongting Lake wetland and promoted the improvement of the ecological environment in the region.

Key words: Dongting Lake, Ecological Poplar Withdrawal, wetland landscape, landscape pattern index, transfer matrix

中图分类号:

S718

鲁宏旺,胡文敏,佘济云,等. 生态退杨对洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化影响研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(3): 171-178.

LU Hongwang, HU Wenmin, SHE Jiyun, ZENG Wen, SONG Yabin. Study on the influence of Ecological Poplar Withdrawal on the landscape pattern of Dongting Lake wetland[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(3): 171-178.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904008.

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年份 year	行列号 row No.	成像时间 imaging time	分辨率/m resolution	含云量/% cloud content
2014	123/040	2014?01?23	30×30	0.50
2014	124/040	2014?01?14	30×30	0.04
2016	123/040	2016?12?30	30×30	0.05
2016	124/040	2016?12?05	30×30	3.84
2018	123/040	2017?12?17	30×30	0.69
2018	124/040	2018?01?09	30×30	2.30

景观类型landscape type	判读标志interpretation symbol
水域water area	整体呈深蓝色或蓝绿色，形状大小各异，河流呈带状，坑塘形状较为规则
泥沙滩地mud beach	分布在湖泊边缘和湖中裸地，几何特征及边界明显，呈灰黑色或灰蓝色
芦苇滩地reed beach	边界较为模糊，呈深浅不一的黄色或绿色，多为块状分布
防护林滩地productive beach	分布在水域周边，人工痕迹明显，排列整齐，呈红棕色或棕色，色调均匀
苔草滩地moss beach	分布在河间滩地、戈壁上，连片分布且形状不规则，呈浅绿色，纹理细腻且颜色均匀
林地forest land	具有规则的形状，排列较为整齐，呈面状或散点分布，与周围地物边界分区较为清晰
农用地farm land	形状规整，呈块状分布在建设用地周边，呈绿色或黄色
建设用地construction land	具有规则的形状，排列较为整齐，呈面状或散点分布，与周围地物边界分区较为清晰
裸地bare land	无颗粒感，光秃秃的质感，呈现浅绿色或浅黄色

景观类型 landscape type	面积/km2 area			面积变化/km2 change of area
景观类型 landscape type	2014	2016	2018	2014—2016	2016—2018
水域water area	521.497 5	518.312 5	678.136 7	-3.185 0	159.824 2
泥沙滩地mud beach	265.345 2	268.146 8	174.261 3	2.801 6	-93.885 5
芦苇滩地reed beach	465.600 4	453.126 4	535.816 5	-12.474 0	82.690 1
防护林滩地productive beach	447.454 9	443.276 3	233.693 3	-4.178 6	-209.583 0
苔草滩地moss beach	756.297 3	780.415 4	665.511 1	24.118 1	-114.904 3
林地forest land	7 552.256 3	7 231.145 8	6 919.631 7	-321.110 5	-311.514 1
农用地farm land	8 514.236 5	8 768.452 3	8 989.101 1	254.215 8	220.648 8
建设用地construction land	623.311 9	683.124 5	786.532 8	59.812 6	103.408 3
裸地bare land	0.000 0	0.000 0	163.315 5	0.000 0	163.315 5

时段 time period	类型 type	水域 water area	滩地 beach				林地 forest land	农用地 agricul?tural land	建设用地 construction land	裸地 bare land	转出面积 transfer out of area
时段 time period	类型 type	水域 water area	泥沙 mud	芦苇 reed	防护林 forest	苔草 moss	林地 forest land	农用地 agricul?tural land	建设用地 construction land	裸地 bare land	转出面积 transfer out of area
2014—2016	水域	64.423 9	1.874 3	3.127 6	0.697 6	12.365 8	14.396 7	11.236 5	5.844 0	—	49.542 5
	泥沙滩地	3.236 9	32.756 1	5.348 7	2.374 9	6.378 2	18.648 3	16.768 9	12.123 4	—	64.879 3
	芦苇滩地	0.325 6	23.148 9	54.367 2	8.647 2	14.253 1	3.147 5	4.321 4	9.010 6	—	62.854 3
	防护林滩地	1.432 5	3.648 7	4.316 7	67.157 0	32.156 2	22.142 5	24.152 6	13.982 5	—	101.831 7
	苔草滩地	12.330 3	6.974 1	12.369 7	42.314 6	73.172 3	8.921 4	11.203 0	6.466 9	—	100.580 0
	林地	12.359 7	11.325 7	14.624 7	26.154 2	22.052 4	134.214 7	148.203 4	189.842 5	—	424.562 6
	农用地	4.325 6	14.321 8	6.921 4	12.318 6	15.347 2	26.145 2	569.441 2	65.435 4	—	144.815 2
	建设用地	12.346 9	6.387 4	3.671 5	5.146 0	22.145 2	10.050 5	183.145 2	85.314 2	—	242.892 7
	转入面积transferred area	46.357 5	67.680 9	50.380 3	97.653 1	124.698 1	103.452 1	399.031 0	302.705 3	-163.315 5	—
2016—2018	水域	274.062 4	30.946 6	2.007 4	0.886 1	13.595 1	16.321 5	21.428 5	22.099 1	0	107.284 3
	泥沙滩地	85.523 6	71.160 9	33.679 1	4.587 6	29.524 9	29.423 8	31.236 4	7.331 7	0	221.307 1
	芦苇滩地	30.327 6	32.401 1	227.481 6	5.320 6	69.069 5	5.821 4	6.264 8	4.020 4	0	153.225 4
	防护林滩地	19.706 6	9.824 8	35.363 9	207.757 0	24.344 7	29.074 8	4.256 9	1.147 5	163.315 5	287.034 7
	苔草滩地	71.701 6	27.126 3	153.219 5	63.134 8	189.107 8	2.904 5	1.451 1	0.257 6	0	319.795 4
	林地	16.264 8	6.691 9	1.624 6	2.043 3	13.466 2	247.125 6	80.613 1	315.037 3	0	435.742 1
	农用地	26.258 7	16.898 1	4.864 1	0.321 5	24.344 6	30.169 5	267.119 1	126.472 3	0	229.328 8
	建设用地	17.325 6	3.532 8	5.156 9	1.157 8	30.546 1	10.512 5	304.726 8	585.327 1	0	372.958 5
	裸地	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	转入面积transferred area	267.108 5	127.421 6	235.915 5	77.451 7	204.891 1	124.228	449.977 6	476.365 9	0	—

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生态退杨对洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化影响研究

Study on the influence of Ecological Poplar Withdrawal on the landscape pattern of Dongting Lake wetland

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