沼液与生物炭联合施用对杨树人工林土壤甲螨密度的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904023

国家林草科技领军期刊
中国精品科技期刊
中国高校百佳科技期刊
江苏省新闻出版政府奖期刊奖
RCCSE林学权威期刊（A+）
CSCD核心期刊
Scopus数据库收录期刊
中文核心期刊
SCD核心期刊

作者加群：102861116

微信公众号：南京林业大学学报

高级检索

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 211-215.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904023

沼液与生物炭联合施用对杨树人工林土壤甲螨密度的影响

龙秋宁¹(), 王润松¹, 徐涵湄¹, 曹国华², 沈彩芹², 阮宏华¹()

^1.南京林业大学生物与环境学院，南方现代林业协同创新中心，江苏南京 210037
^2.江苏省东台市林场，江苏东台 224200

收稿日期:2019-04-11 修回日期:2019-08-24 出版日期:2020-05-30 发布日期:2020-06-11
通讯作者: 阮宏华
作者简介:龙秋宁（longqiuning@njfu.edu.cn），ORCID(0000-0001-5174-8930)。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600204);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

Effects of biogas slurry and biochar on oribatida density in poplar plantation

LONG Qiuning¹(), WANG Runsong¹, XU Hanmei¹, CAO Guohua², SHEN Caiqin², RUAN Honghua¹()

^1.Co -Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
^2.Dongtai City Forest Farm of Jiangsu Province, Dongtai 224200, China

Received:2019-04-11 Revised:2019-08-24 Online:2020-05-30 Published:2020-06-11
Contact: RUAN Honghua

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的

沼液作为一种有机肥，富含多种营养元素及氨基酸、腐殖酸、吲哚乙酸等物质，能有效提高土壤肥力，减少化肥投入。生物炭是生物质经高温裂解产生的化学性质稳定的高度芳香化富碳固体物质，能缓释沼液的养分。采用沼液与生物炭混施杨树人工林，探讨土壤动物优势类群甲螨（oribatida）个体密度的响应，为进一步深入了解土壤动物及其生态过程，以及人工林的科学经营提供参考。

方法

采用野外控制试验，在同一年份造林、立地条件相对一致的16年生杨树人工林内联合施用不同用量沼液和生物炭，沼液样方大小为10 m×12 m，施液量分别设置对照（0 t/hm²，编号CK）、低用量（0.125 t/hm²，编号L）、中等用量（0.250 t/hm²，编号M）和高用量（0.375 t/hm²，编号H）4个处理；再于每个沼液样地内设置4个不同生物炭施用量，即：对照（0 t/hm²，编号B0）、低用量（40 t/hm²，编号B1）、中等用量（80 t/hm²，编号B2）和高用量（120 t/hm²，编号B3）4个处理。通过计算各土层甲螨的个体密度，分析各用量沼液与生物炭联合施用对不同土层（0～10、≥10～25、≥25～40 cm）中甲螨类群分布规律的影响。

结果

在单施沼液试验中(不施用生物炭), 3个土层中甲螨的个体密度均大于对照组(不施用沼液)；其中，0～10、≥10～25 cm土层甲螨个体密度均随着沼液施用量的增加而增大；而在施用生物炭试验中，B1、B2、B3处理的生物炭均降低了3个土层甲螨个体密度。在同一生物炭处理下，仅B1与施沼液M，及B3与施沼液H混施处理下的0～10 cm土层中，甲螨个体密度显著高于其他处理，其余各处理组对土层甲螨个体密度无显著影响。

结论

单施用沼液，显著增加了甲螨的个体数量，在本试验设置的0～0.375 t/hm²范围内，甲螨的个体数量随施液量的增加而增加；而在所有沼液用量处理下，同时施用生物炭均降低了甲螨的个体数量，显示出显著的抑制作用，但其重金属累积或土壤理化性质等作用机制还有待深入。

关键词: 沼液, 生物炭, 杨树人工林, 甲螨, 个体密度

Abstract: Objective

Biogas slurry is a type of liquid residue formed after anaerobic fermentation of animal and crop waste. It contains a huge number of amino acids, humic acid, indole acetic acid, and other substances, as well as N, P and K in their ionic state. To improve yields and quality of crops, fertilizer has been overused in the past few years, and this could cause land degradation. As a type of liquid residue produced after anaerobic fermentation of animal and crop waste, biogas slurry can effectively improve soil fertility and reduce the use of fertilizer. Biochar comes from pyrolysis of crop wastes and other organic materials. Biochar can absorb biogas slurry and increase nutrient retention. Soil fauna is an important part of the ecosystem. Oribatida mites plays an important role in soil’s biological and ecological process. This study aimed to reveal the effects of biogas slurry and biochar on oribatida density in different soil layers (i.e. 0-10, ≥10-25 and ≥25-40 cm), providing a theoretical basis for the scientific use of biogas slurry and biochar.

Method

We applied four treatments of biogas slurry g/hm² (CK.0; L.0.125 t/hm²; M.0.250 t/hm²; and H.0.375 t/hm²) and biochar (B0.0; B1.40 g/hm²; B2.80 g/hm²; and B3.120 t/hm²) through a randomized blocks design with three repeated blocks in three 16-year-old poplar plantations respectively in the northern Jiangsu Province. The afforestation time was the same throughout the poplar plantation, and the condition throughout the poplar plantation was relatively consistent. Through statistical calculation, we analyzed the effects of biogas slurry and biochar.

Result

Without the biochar application (treatment B0), the oribatida density in three soil layers within all the biogas slurry treatments was higher than in the control treatment (CK). Oribatida density in the soil layer at 0-10 and ≥10-25 cm increased with biogas concentration. Oribatida density in three soil layers decreased when biochar concentration increased. Oribatida density in soil layer 0-10 cm significantly increased under biogas slurry treatment M with biochar treatment B1, and under biogas slurry treatment H with biochar treatment B3.

Conclusion

Oribatida density significantly increased when concentration of biogas slurry increased on the scale of 0-0.375 t/hm². However, biochar treatment decreased the oribatida density. Further research such as accumulation of heavy metals and physicochemical properties is needed prior to scientific use of biochar and biogas slurry.

Key words: biogas slurry, biochar, poplar plantation, oribatida, individual density

中图分类号:

S718

龙秋宁,王润松,徐涵湄,等. 沼液与生物炭联合施用对杨树人工林土壤甲螨密度的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(3): 211-215.

LONG Qiuning, WANG Runsong, XU Hanmei, CAO Guohua, SHEN Caiqin, RUAN Honghua. Effects of biogas slurry and biochar on oribatida density in poplar plantation[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(3): 211-215.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904023.

图/表 3

参考文献 25

1	史常亮, 郭焱, 朱俊峰. 中国粮食生产中化肥过量施用评价及影响因素研究[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2016, 37(4): 671-679.
	SHI C L, GUO Y, ZHU J F. Evaluation of over fertilization in China and its inlfuencing factors[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2016, 37(4): 671-679. DOI:10.13872/j.1000-0275.2016.0064.
2	侯莹. 长期施用化肥对土壤生物隐性退化的影响[J]. 吉林农业, 2017(23): 78-79.
	HOU Y. Effects under long⁃term application of chemical fertilizer on soil organisms recessive degradation [J]. Agriculture of Jilin, 2017(23): 78-79. DOI:10.14025/j.cnki.jlny.2017.23.045.
3	BANIK S, NANDI R. Effect of supplementation of rice straw with biogas residual slurry manure on the yield, protein and mineral contents of oyster mushroom[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2004, 20(3): 311-319. DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.11.003.
4	杜臻杰, 齐学斌, 李平, 等. 猪场废水灌溉对土壤氮素时空变化与氮平衡的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48(8): 262-269.
	DU Z J, QI X B, LI P, et al. Effect of piggery wastewater irrigation on temporal‑spatial variation and balance of nitrogen[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2017, ‌488)‌: ‌262-269. DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.08.030.
5	DAUDÉN A, QUı́LEZ D. Pig slurry versus mineral fertilization on corn yield and nitrate leaching in a Mediterranean irrigated environment[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2004, 21(1): 7-19. DOI:10.1016/s1161-0301(03)00056-x.
6	LEHMANN J,GAUNT J,RONDON M. Bio⁃char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems：a review[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2): 403-427. DOI:10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5.
7	陈孝云,林秀兰,魏起华,等.活性炭表面化学改性及应用研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2008,8(19)：5463-5467.
	CHEN X Y, LIN X L, WEI Q H, et al. Development of the surface chemical modification of the activated carbon and its applications[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2008,8(19):5463-5467.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2008.19.024.
8	GILLER P S. The diversity of soil communities, the ‘poor man’s tropical rainforest’[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1996, 5(2): 135-168. DOI:10.1007/bf00055827.
9	谭艳,王邵军,阮宏华,等.不同林龄杨树人工林土壤动物群落结构特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(3):8-12.
	TAN Y,WANG S J,RUAN H H,et al.Community structure of soil fauna in different age poplar plantations[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2014,38(3):8-12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2014.03.002.
10	朱永恒, 赵春雨, 王宗英, 等. 我国土壤动物群落生态学研究综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(12): 1477-1481.
	ZHU Y H, ZHAO C Y, WANG Z Y, et al. Research on soil animal community ecology in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005, 24(12): 1477-1481.
11	曹四平, 刘长海. 土壤动物群落特征及生态功能研究进展[J]. 延安大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 36(4): 38-42.
	CAO S P, LIU C H. Research progresses ecological characteristics and functions of soil fauna community[J]. Journal of Yan’‌an University(Natural Science Edition), 2017,36(4):38-42. DOI:10.13876/J.cnki.ydnse.2017.04.038.D
12	WALTER D E, PROCTOR H C. Mites as modern models: acarology in the 21st Century[J]. Acarologia, 2010, 50(1): 131-141. DOI:10.1051/acarologia/20101955.
13	ZHANG Z Q. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher‑level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (COVER)[J]. Zootaxa, 2011, 3148(1): 3. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.2.
14	胡展育,周建松.土壤甲螨区系多样性及其作为指示生物的潜力[J].保山学院学报,2018, 37(2):21-24.
	HU Z Y,ZHOU J S. Diversity of soil mites and their potential as indicator organisms[J]. Journal of Baoshan University,2018, 37(2):21-24. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9340.2018.02.007.
15	王卫平, 陆新苗, 魏章焕, 等. 施用沼液对柑桔产量和品质以及土壤环境的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(11): 2300-2305.
	WANG W P, LU X M, WEI Z H, et al. Influence of applying biogas slurry on yield and quality of Citrus and soil environment[J]. J. Agro⁃Environ. Sci., 2011, 3011: 2300-2305.
16	LAIRD D, FLEMING P, WANG B Q, et al. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a midwestern agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma, ‌2010, ‌158‌(3/4)‌: ‌436-442. DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma. 2010.05.012.
17	肖玖金, 张利, 李雪菲, 等. 柳杉人工林林窗土壤动物群落结构特征[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2015, 32(1): 57-62.
	XIAO J J, ZHANG L, LI X F, et al. Soil fauna community diversity in forest gap of Cryptomeria fortune artificial stands[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2015, 32(1): 57-62. DOI:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2015.01.010.
18	尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京：科学出版社, 1998.
	YIN W Y. Pictorial keys to soil animals of China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1998.
19	安治国. 水、氮控制对荒漠草原土壤中小型动物的影响[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2016.
	AN Z G. Effects of water and nitrogen control on small and medium⁃sized animals in desert steppe soil[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2016.
20	田冬, 高明, 黄容, 等. 油菜/玉米轮作农田土壤呼吸和异养呼吸对秸秆与生物炭还田的响应[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(7): 2988-2999.
	TIAN D, GAO M, HUANG R, et al. Response of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration to returning of straw and biochar in rape⁃maize rotation systems[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(7): 2988-2999. DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201612188.
21	潘全良, 陈坤, 宋涛, 等. 生物炭及炭基肥对棕壤持水能力的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2017, 24(1): 115-121.
	PAN Q L, CHEN K, SONG T, et al. Influences of biochar and biochar⁃based compound fertilizer on soil water retention in brown soil[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 24(1): 115-121. DOI:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2017.01.013.
22	赵占辉, 张丛志, 蔡太义, 等. 不同稳定性有机物料对砂姜黑土理化性质及玉米产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(10): 1228-1235.
	ZHAO Z H, ZHANG C Z, CAI T Y, et al. Effects of different stable organic matters on physicochemical properties of lime concretion black soil and maize yield[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco⁃Agriculture, 2015, 23(10): 1228-1235. DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150546.
23	李江舟, 代快, 张立猛, 等. 施用生物炭对云南烟区红壤团聚体组成及有机碳分布的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2016, 36(6): 2114-2120.
	LI J Z, DAI K, ZHANG L M, et al. Effects of biochar application on soil organic carbon distribution and soil aggregate composition of red soils in Yunnan tobacco planting area[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016, 36(6): 2114-2120. DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2015.0792.
24	王一佩. 沼液浇灌强度对土壤和植物养分与重金属含量的影响[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2018.
	WANG Y P. Effects of irrigation intensity of biogas slurry on soil and plant nutrient and heavy metal content[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2018.
25	李孝刚, 丁昌峰, 王兴祥. 重金属污染对红壤旱地小节肢类土壤动物群落结构的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(21): 6198-6204.
	LI X G, DING C F, WANG X X. Effects of heavy metal pollution on soil microarthropods in upland red soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, ‌34(21): 6198-6204. DOI:10.5846/stxb201301310202.

[1]	颜铮明, 阮宏华, 廖家辉, 石珂, 倪娟平, 曹国华, 沈彩芹, 丁学农, 赵小龙, 庄鑫. 不同林龄杨树人工林地表甲虫群落多样性特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 236-242.
[2]	刘兴婕, 吴琪祺, 李媛媛, 阮宏华, 丁学农, 曹国华, 沈彩芹. 林龄和季节交互对杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 224-230.
[3]	杜志琦, 孟庆繁, 冯立超, 葛佳荣, 黄劲斌, 史晶晶, 李洪锐, 岑祖才. 冷藏条件下土样保存时间对甲螨(甲螨亚目)和跳虫(弹尾纲)类物种分离的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(2): 213-218.
[4]	辜旭, 汤逸帆, 申建华, 朱咏莉. 沼液中$\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$对土壤CO₂释放的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(4): 162-168.
[5]	崔皓, 韩建刚, 郭俨辉, 季淮, 朱咏莉, 李萍萍. 洪泽湖河湖交汇区典型杨树人工林碳通量月尺度变化特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(2): 19-26.
[6]	王润松, 徐涵湄, 曹国华, 沈彩芹, 阮宏华. 施用沼液对杨树人工林细根形态特征的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(5): 119-124.
[7]	王润松, 孙源, 徐涵湄, 曹国华, 沈彩芹, 阮宏华. 施用沼液对杨树人工林细根生物量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(4): 123-129.
[8]	马永春, 佘诚棋, 方升佐. 不同修枝方法对杨树人工林生长、光合叶面积和主干饱满度的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(4): 137-142.
[9]	王瑞, 王国兵, 徐瑾, 徐晓. 凋落物与蚯蚓对杨树人工林土壤团聚体分布及其碳氮含量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(3): 25-29.
[10]	姚晶晶, 冯象千, 肖贺, 郑豫, 张成梁. 不同固废及其处理产物对黄骅港盐碱土的改良效果[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(3): 45-52.
[11]	王国兵, 徐瑾, 徐晓, 阮宏华, 曹国华. 蚯蚓与凋落物对杨树人工林土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(3): 8-14.
[12]	杨赛兰, 耿庆宏, 许崇华, 彭凡茜, 张梦华, 徐侠. 加拿大一枝黄花入侵对杨树人工林土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(5): 117-124.
[13]	卢伟伟, 耿慧丽, 张伊蕊, 阮宏华. 生物质炭对杨树人工林土壤微生物群落的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(4): 143-150.
[14]	王琪, 于水强, 王维枫, 詹龙飞, 王静波. 不同密度和植株配置形状的杨树人工林细根生物量特征研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(1): 179-185.
[15]	张悦, 冯会丽, 王维枫, 薛建辉, 吴永波, 于水强. 洪泽湖地区杨树人工林碳水通量昼夜和季节变化特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(5): 113-120.

沼液与生物炭联合施用对杨树人工林土壤甲螨密度的影响

Effects of biogas slurry and biochar on oribatida density in poplar plantation

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 3

参考文献 25

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

作者

读者

审稿