南京北部郊野森林群落物种多样性及其环境解释

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202001029

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 48-54.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202001029

南京北部郊野森林群落物种多样性及其环境解释

潘婷婷¹(), 陈林¹^,^*(), 杨国栋², 伊贤贵¹, 王贤荣¹

1.南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037
2.江苏省环境工程重点实验室,江苏省环境科学研究院,江苏南京 210036

收稿日期:2020-01-13 修回日期:2020-06-23 出版日期:2020-11-30 发布日期:2020-12-07
通讯作者: 陈林
基金资助:
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);江苏高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目(TAPP)

Species diversity of communities and environmental interpretation of the suburban forest in Northern Nanjing

PAN Tingting¹(), CHEN Lin¹^,^*(), YANG Guodong², YI Xiangui¹, WANG Xianrong¹

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210036, China

Received:2020-01-13 Revised:2020-06-23 Online:2020-11-30 Published:2020-12-07
Contact: CHEN Lin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】了解南京北部郊野森林植物群落的结构特征、物种多样性及其与生态环境影响因子的关系,为该地区森林植被群落的保护和植物资源的可持续利用提供参考。【方法】采用典型样方法在南京北部(长江以北)的8个自然山体中划定72个面积10 m×10 m的样方,在群落调查的基础上,应用多元回归树(MRT)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法对群落进行分类,分析群落的结构组成、物种多样性以及群落类型与环境因子之间的关系。【结果】①样地中共有维管植物79科203属270种;乔木层以朴树、麻栎的重要值最高,是群落的建群种。②朴树、麻栎等优势物种的数量和分布的均匀性决定了群落的物种多样性,群落表现出物种分布集中、优势明显的特征。③运用MRT分类法将72个样方划分为5个群落:群落Ⅰ主体由栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)+桑(Morus alba)构成,包含16个样方;群落Ⅱ主体由马尾松(Pinus massoniana)+刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)构成,包含15个样方;群落Ⅲ主体由麻栎(Quercus acutissima)+构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)构成,包含13个样方;群落Ⅳ主体黄连木(Pistacia chinensis)+枫香(Liquidambar formosana)构成,包含18个样方;群落Ⅴ主体由朴树(Celtis sinensis)+黄檀(Dalbergia hupeana)构成,包含10个样方。④CCA二维排序将群落分为5组,与MRT分类结果一致,可相互验证。同时,应用CCA排序分析环境因子与群落结构、优势树种的相关性,结果表明海拔、坡度是影响群落物种分布的主要环境因子。【结论】南京北部的郊野森林是维系与提高该区域内植物多样性的重要区域。该区域群落物种多样性丰富,朴树、麻栎等优势树种分布集中、优势明显。除人为干扰外,海拔、坡度、土壤含水率等环境因子对群落结构、植物生长具有明显影响,其中海拔影响最大,土壤含水率、营养元素等对植物的生长也有一定的作用。

关键词: 群落结构, 多元回归树(MRT)分类, 典范对应分析(CCA排序), 环境因子, 郊野森林, 南京

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics, species diversity and the relationship between the plant communities and ecological environment of suburban forest of northern Nanjing, thereby providing basic information for protection of forest vegetation and sustainable utilization of plant resources in the region. 【Method】Based onthe field investigation, information of 72 plots of 10 m×10 m in 8 natural mountains in northern Nangjing (north to the Yangtze River) was collected using a typical sample method. The community composition, species diversity index and relationship between the community types and environmental factors were analyzed; the communities were classified using the multivariate regression tree (MRT) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). 【Result】There were 270 species of 203 genera in 79 families collected from the plots. Celtis sinensis and Quercus acutissima were the dominant and constructive species owing to their high important value in the arbor layer. The species diversity of the communities was determined by the number and distribution uniformity of dominant species such as C. sinensis and Q. acutissima, with characteristics of concentrated distribution and obvious domination. Seventy-two plots were divided into five clusters by MRT classification. Association Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ mainly consisted of Quercus variabilis + Morus alba with 16 plots, Pinus massoniana + Robinia pseudoacacia with 15 plots, Quercus acutissima + Broussonetia papyrifera with 13 plots, Pistacia chinensis + Liquidambar formosana with 18 plots, and Celtis sinensis + Dalbergia hupeana with 10 plots, respectively. The result of CCA two-dimension ordination was basically in accordance with that of MRT classification, dividing the communities into 5 groups. 【Conclusion】Suburban forests in the north of Nanjing are important areas for maintaining and improving the plant diversity of the region, which has high community species diversity, concentrated distribution and obvious domination of dominant species. Environmental factors such as altitude, slope and soil moisture content significantly affected the community structure and plant growth; among them, altitude exhibits the greatest effect, however, soil moisture content and soil nutrients also demonstrate certain effects on the plant growth.

Key words: community structure, multivariate regression trees(MRT), canonical correspondence analysis(CCA), environmental factor, suburban forest, Nanjing

中图分类号:

S718
Q948.1

潘婷婷,陈林,杨国栋,等. 南京北部郊野森林群落物种多样性及其环境解释[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(6): 48-54.

PAN Tingting, CHEN Lin, YANG Guodong, YI Xiangui, WANG Xianrong. Species diversity of communities and environmental interpretation of the suburban forest in Northern Nanjing[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(6): 48-54.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202001029.

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物种species	总株数 total individuals	平均胸径 average DBH	相对盖度 relative coverage	相对多度 relative abundance	相对频度 relative frequency	重要值 important value
朴树Celtis sinensis	2 016	4.25	15.54	35.75	13.08	64.36
麻栎Quercus acutissima	1 048	7.58	25.70	18.58	9.58	53.86
构树Broussonetia papyrifera	496	5.44	6.27	8.79	8.47	23.53
马尾松Pinus massoniana	175	12.46	11.60	3.10	4.42	19.12
桑Morus alba	229	8.00	6.26	4.06	7.00	17.31
栓皮栎Quercus variabilis	130	12.12	8.15	2.30	2.39	12.85
刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia	159	8.06	4.41	2.82	4.42	11.65
柘树Cudrania tricuspidata	208	2.88	0.74	3.69	7.18	11.61
黄连木 Pistacia chinensis	89	5.32	1.08	1.58	6.08	8.73
黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana	166	5.81	2.39	2.94	2.95	8.28

样地 sample plot	Margalef 丰富度指数 Margalef index	Simpson 优势度指数 Simpson index	Shannon- Wiener 指数多样性 Shannon- Wiener index	Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou index
群落Ⅰ(平山、盘山)	3.978	0.956	1.502	0.456
群落Ⅱ(方山、平山、瓜埠、灵岩山)	4.882	0.997	1.246	0.356
群落Ⅲ(冶山、灵岩山)	4.858	0.978	1.931	0.527
群落Ⅳ(平山、冶山、盘山)	3.648	0.972	1.670	0.519
群落Ⅴ(止马岭、奶山)	2.640	0.955	1.532	0.520

群落 community	所在样方优势树种 dominant species	坡度 slope	坡位 slope position	坡向 slope aspect	土壤含水率/% soil moisture content	土壤厚度/cm soil thickness	元素含量/(mg·kg^-1) element content			土壤 pH pH value of soil	海拔/m elevation
群落 community	所在样方优势树种 dominant species	坡度 slope	坡位 slope position	坡向 slope aspect	土壤含水率/% soil moisture content	土壤厚度/cm soil thickness	TK	TP	TN	土壤 pH pH value of soil	海拔/m elevation
Ⅰ	栓皮栎Quercus variabilis	上坡	东北	陡坡	62	24	1.04	23.46	6.42	7.1	231
Ⅱ	马尾松Pinus massoniana	中坡	正北	缓斜坡	61	22	1.25	29.44	12.46	7.2	157
Ⅲ	麻栎Quercus acutissima	上坡	西南	斜坡	64	29	1.16	27.49	9.44	7.3	88
Ⅳ	黄连木Pistacia chinensis	下坡	正南	微斜坡	67	21	1.29	25.62	10.66	7.1	42
Ⅴ	朴树Celtis sinensis	中坡	西北	缓斜坡	65	27	1.36	27.59	8.39	7.2	40

指标 parameter	物种轴1 species axis 1	物种轴2 species axis 2	环境轴1 environment axis 1	环境轴2 environment axis 2	坡度 slope	坡位 slope position	坡向 slope aspect	土壤含水率 soil moisture content	土壤厚度 soil thickness	TK	TP	TN	土壤pH pH value of soil	海拔 elevation
物种轴1 species axis 1	1
物种轴2 species axis 2	0.015	1
环境轴1 environment axis 1	0.786^**	0.013
环境轴2 environment axis 2	0.013	0.778^**	0.013	1
坡度 slope	-0.498^*	0.304^**	-0.648^*	0.394^**	1
坡位 slope position	-0.594^*	-0.215^*	-0.773^*	-0.284	0.726^**	1
坡向 slope aspect	-0.216^*	0.066	-0.283^*	0.082^**	-0.304	-0.304	1
土壤含水率 soil moisture content	0.771^**	0.052	0.994	0.083	0.101	-0.661	-0.721	1
土壤厚度 soil thickness	0.015	0.666^**	0.055^**	0.526^**	0.419^**	-0.315	0.121^**	0.074^**	1
TK	0.112^**	0.051	0.062^**	-0.121	-0.558	-0.984	-0.351	0.125^*	0.069	1
TP	0.321^**	0.031	0.104^**	0.276	-0.325	0.096^*	0.155	0.621^*	0.521^**	-0.233	1
TN	0.518^**	0.132	0.563	0.166^*	-0.366	-0.511	-0.101^*	0.594^**	0.125^**	0.211^**	0.172^*	1
土壤pH pH value of soil	0.263^*	0.058	0.073	-0.11	-0.547	-0.983	-0.33	0.136	0.08	0.263^*	0.062	0.263	1
海拔 elevation	0.552^*	0.142^*	0.115^*	0.287^*	-0.314	0.107	0.166^*	0.632	0.532^*	0.552^*	0.042	0.552	0.153	1
累计贡献率/% cumulative contribution rate	65.21	82.65

南京北部郊野森林群落物种多样性及其环境解释

Species diversity of communities and environmental interpretation of the suburban forest in Northern Nanjing

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