氮磷添加对亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物产量及其养分含量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903015

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 55-62.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903015

氮磷添加对亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物产量及其养分含量的影响

赵晓雅(), 关梦冉, 孙孟瑶, 王泽夫, 徐小牛^*()

安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,安徽合肥 230036

收稿日期:2019-03-05 修回日期:2019-04-26 出版日期:2020-11-30 发布日期:2020-12-07
通讯作者: 徐小牛
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31770672);国家自然科学基金项目(31370626)

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in evergreen broad-leaved forests

ZHAO Xiaoya(), GUAN Mengran, SUN Mengyao, WANG Zefu, XU Xiaoniu^*()

School of Forestry & Landscape of Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China

Received:2019-03-05 Revised:2019-04-26 Online:2020-11-30 Published:2020-12-07
Contact: XU Xiaoniu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】凋落物是森林净生产量的重要组分,探讨森林凋落物生产及其养分归还量对氮磷添加的响应,为亚热带常绿阔叶林可持续经营提供科学依据。【方法】选择安徽池州亚热带常绿阔叶林,包括甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)老龄林和苦槠(C. sclerophylla)中龄林,开展氮磷添加试验,设置3个处理,即氮[N 100 kg /(hm²·a)]、氮+磷[N 100 kg /(hm²·a) +P 50 kg /(hm²·a)]和对照(CK,无氮磷添加)。采用凋落物收集框法,对林分凋落物生产量及其养分归还量进行了为期1年的监测(2017年5月至2018年4月)。【结果】N+P处理下,苦槠林和甜槠林总凋落物量最高值分别为9.502、7.120 t/(hm²·a);其次是N处理,分别为8.393、7.041 t/(hm²·a);CK林分分别为7.724和6.697 t/(hm²·a),氮磷添加提高了总凋落物量,但不同处理间没有显著差异。在N处理和对照条件下,两林分凋落物各组分所占比例由大到小顺序均为:落叶、落枝、碎屑、落花落果。但在N+P处理的苦槠林中由大到小依次为:落叶、落枝、落花落果、碎屑。N处理下,苦槠林和甜槠林凋落物年均氮含量分别为14.199和13.648 g/kg,N+P处理分别为13.863和13.650 g/kg,CK林分分别为13.384和13.094 g/kg。各处理下苦槠林和甜槠林凋落物年均磷含量由大到小顺序为N+P、CK、N处理。两林分凋落物的氮磷含量和年归还量不同处理间差异均不显著;不同处理间的苦槠林和甜槠林凋落物的氮磷比均无明显差异。【结论】氮沉降提高了苦槠和甜槠林凋落物产量,磷添加具有一定的增效作用,表明磷添加缓解了氮沉降引起的磷限制作用。

关键词: 常绿阔叶林, 凋落物量, 氮磷添加, 养分含量, 养分归还量, 甜槠, 苦槠

Abstract:

【Objective】Litterfall is an important component of net primary productivity of forests. This study deals with the response of litter production and nutrient return to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests to achieve a sustainable management of the forest. 【Method】A simulated nitrogen deposition experiment was conducted in the evergreen broad-leaved Castanopsis eyrei forest and C. sclerophylla forest; the experiment was commenced from May 2017 to April 2018 in Chizhou, Anhui Province. The experimental design consisted of N [N, 100 kg /(hm²·a)), N+P [N 100 kg /(hm²·a) + P 50 kg /(hm²·a)] treatments, and a control (CK, stream water only without fertilizer). 【Result】The annual litterfall productions of C. eyrei and C. sclerophylla forests were the highest in N+P treatment with 9.502 and 7.120 t/(hm²·a), respectively, followed by N treatment with the annual litterfall of 8.393 and 7.041 t/(hm²·a), respectively, and then CK with the annual litterfall of 7.724 and 6.697 t/(hm²·a), respectively. There were no significant differences among the treatments. The percentage of the litterfall component was in the following order: foliage > branch > miscellaneous > sexual organs,while the percentage of the litterfall component was in the following order: foliage > branch > sexual organs >miscellaneous for N+P treatment in C. sclerophylla forests. The annual mean weighted N concentrations of litterfall were 14.199 and 13.684 g/kg for N treatment, 13.863 and 13.650 g/kg for N+P treatment, 13.384 and 13.094 g/kg for CK in C. sclerophylla and C. eyrei forests, respectively. The order of annual mean weighted P concentrations of litterfall was ranked as N+P > CK > N for the two forest stands and there was no significant difference among the treatments. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in annual returns of N, P, and ratios of N/P among treatments for the two forest stands. 【Conclusion】The addition of N plus P had a synergistic effect on the litterfall production in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. Our results suggest that the addition of P alleviates the phosphorus limitation caused by the high nitrogen deposition.

Key words: evergreen broad-leaved forest, litterfall production, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, nutrient concentration, nutrient return, Castanopsis eyrei, C. sclerophylla

中图分类号:

S714

赵晓雅,关梦冉,孙孟瑶,等. 氮磷添加对亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物产量及其养分含量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(6): 55-62.

ZHAO Xiaoya, GUAN Mengran, SUN Mengyao, WANG Zefu, XU Xiaoniu. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in evergreen broad-leaved forests[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(6): 55-62.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903015.

图/表 7

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

表4

不同处理凋落物及其组分的年平均养分含量及养分年归还量"

样地 plot	指标 index	处理 treatment	落枝 twigs litter	落叶 leaf litter	果实 fruits	花 flower	碎屑 miscellaneous	总凋落物 litterfall
CS	NC	N+P	9.338±0.179 b	14.518±0.712 a	8.718±0.578 a	18.880±3.659 a	21.800±0.274 a	13.863±0.153 a
		N	10.271±0.464 a	14.567±0.601 a	8.330±0.141 ab	16.677±4.975 a	22.821±0.554 a	14.199±0.648 a
		CK	9.653±0.335 ab	13.311±0.172 b	7.472±0.258 b	20.547±0.897 a	22.065±0.569 a	13.384±0.137a
	PC	N+P	0.569±0.028 a	0.695±0.079 a	0.708±0.059 a	1.803±0.067 a	1.719±0.028 a	0.841±0.033 a
		N	0.770±0.319 a	0.455±0.125 a	0.573±0.081 ab	1.221±0.140 b	1.015±0.108 b	0.621±0.035 a
		CK	0.662±0.369 a	0.724±0.274 a	0.546±0.019 b	1.134±0.124 b	1.105±0.040 b	0.759±0.190 a
	NR	N+P	19.184±1.989 a	74.173±0.1.098 a	7.048±1.189 a	13.261±2.905 a	18.032±0.560 a	131.697±2.669 a
		N	19.135±2.011 a	67.661±7.778 a	5.312±1.944 a	3.708±1.425 b	23.398±4.855 a	119.214±13.883 a
		CK	15.495±0.811 a	56.310±9.505 a	4.899±0.553 a	4.500±1.265 b	22.296±4.478 a	103.500±13.468 a
	PR	N+P	1.168±0.118 a	3.568±0.527 a	0.576±0.116 a	1.260±0.067 a	1.421±0.036 a	7.994±0.474 a
		N	1.378±0.426 a	2.186±0.873 a	0.349±0.092 b	0.269±0.075 b	1.061±0.320 a	5.242±0.842 a
		CK	1.053±0.560 a	0.733±0.364 a	0.358±0.041 b	0.253±0.085 b	1.121±0.249 a	6.042±2.056 a
CE	NC	N+P	11.455±0.389 a	13.683±0.401 a	5.303±3.755 a	18.278±5.526 a	19.974±0.238 a	13.650±0.509 a
		N	10.253±0.712 a	13.816±0.309 a	3.093±4.375 a	21.910±1.372 a	19.046±0.603 a	13.648±0.112 a
		CK	11.156±0.754 a	12.734±0.626 a	8.887±1.441 a	21.620±0.371 a	17.974±1.161 a	13.094±0.421 a
	PC	N+P	0.452±0.056 a	0.392±0.013 a	0.310±0.227 a	1.199±0.076 a	1.148±0.017 a	0.471±0.028 a
		N	0.307±0.026 b	0.420±0.054 a	0.143±0.202 a	1.009±0.022 b	1.037±0.081 a	0.449±0.040 a
		CK	0.331±0.055 b	0.395±0.059 a	0.783±0.388 a	1.176±0.075 a	1.011±0.130 a	0.459±0.042 a
	NR	N+P	17.127±0.780 a	66.483±3.437 a	0.162±0.115 a	3.387±0.654 a	7.915±0.594 a	95.074±4.164 a
		N	12.415±1.058 b	68.211±11.015 a	0.389±0.551 a	3.289±1.352 a	7.500±0.733 a	91.804±11.750 a
		CK	12.194±1.201 b	58.389±10.224 a	0.622±0.385 a	3.578±1.548 a	9.797±0.741 a	84.579±11.779 a
	PR	N+P	0.679±0.106 a	1.904±0.020 a	0.009±0.007 a	0.234±0.044 a	0.455±0.038 a	3.281±0.171 a
		N	0.372±0.041 b	2.039±0.160 a	0.018±0.025 a	0.152±0.062 a	0.407±0.041 a	2.988±0.190 a
		CK	0.356±0.020 b	1.810±0.384 a	0.040±0.015 a	0.197±0.087 a	0.546±0.020 a	2.949±0.363 a

表4

图3

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处理 treatment	甜槠林 Castanopsis eyrei stand			苦槠林 Castanopsis sclerophylla stand
处理 treatment	密度/ (株·hm^-2) density	胸高断面积/ (m² ·hm^-2) basal area	平均胸径/ cm mean DBH	密度/ (株·hm^-2) density	胸高断面积/ (m² ·hm^-2) basal area	平均胸径/ cm mean DBH
N+P	1 210	36.9±4.8	15.8±0.8	922	22.8±5.6	17.8±0.9
N	1 191	32.6±1.6	14.7±1.3	956	20.6±1.6	16.7±1.2
CK	1 316	33.5±4.7	14.2±1.6	800	17.3±5.5	16.6±1.3

处理 treatment	凋落物组分生产量 productions of litterfall components
处理 treatment	落枝 twigs litter	凋落叶 leaf litter	花果 flowers and fruits	碎屑 miscellaneous	合计 total
N+P	2.051±0.171 a (21.6)	5.119±0.220 a (53.9)	1.505±0.147 a (15.8)	0.827±0.015 a (8.7)	9.502±0.276 a
N	1.865±0.188 ab (22.2)	4.650±0.565 a (55.4)	0.852±0.214 a (10.2)	1.026±0.223 a (12.2)	8.393±0.844 a
CK	1.606±0.080 b (20.8)	4.230±0.706 a (54.8)	0.873±0.122 a (11.3)	1.015±0.227 a (13.1)	7.724±0.924 a

处理 treatment	凋落物组分生产量 productions of litterfall components
处理 treatment	落枝 twigs	凋落叶 leaf litter	花果 flowers and fruits	碎屑 miscellaneous	合计 total
N+P	1.496±0.059 a (21.0)	4.857±0.157 a (68.2)	0.206±0.040 a (2.9)	0.561±0.042 a (7.9)	7.120±0.842 a
N	1.210±0.034 b (17.2)	4.920±0.697 a (69.9)	0.192±0.099 a (2.7)	0.716±0.246 a (10.2)	7.041±0.048 a
CK	1.105±0.172 b (16.5)	4.557±0.568 a (68.0)	0.232±0.060 a (3.5)	0.803±0.262 a (12.0)	6.697±0.693 a

氮磷添加对亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物产量及其养分含量的影响

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in evergreen broad-leaved forests

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