湖南低山丘陵区薄壳山核桃的开花物候期观测及品种配置

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202007051

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 53-62.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202007051

湖南低山丘陵区薄壳山核桃的开花物候期观测及品种配置

蒋瑶¹(), 魏海林²(), 高昌虎³, 王大故⁴, 冯楠可¹, 李睿¹, 刘榕榕¹, 吕芳德¹

1.中南林业科技大学,经济林培育与保护省部共建教育部重点实验室,经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室,经济林培育与利用湖南省协同创新中心,湖南长沙 410004。2.湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙 410004。3.怀化市鹤城区林业局,湖南怀化 418000。4.怀化市中方县农业局, 湖南怀化 418005

收稿日期:2020-07-23 接受日期:2020-08-21 出版日期:2021-01-30 发布日期:2021-02-01
基金资助:
湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(16B277);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2017JJ3524);中央引导地方科技发展专项(YDZX2019XF5052);湖南省林业科技计划(XLK201640)

Observation on flowering phenology and variety combination of Carya illinoinensis in low mountains and hills of Hunan Province

JIANG Yao¹(), WEI Hailin²(), GAO Changhu³, WANG Dagu⁴, FENG Nanke¹, LI Rui¹, LIU Rongrong¹, LYU Fangde¹

1. Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.2. Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China.3. Forestry Bureau of Hecheng District, Huaihua 418000, China.4. Agricultural Bureau of Zhongfang County, Huaihua 418005, China

Received:2020-07-23 Accepted:2020-08-21 Online:2021-01-30 Published:2021-02-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】观察湖南地区14个薄壳山核桃品种的花发育特征和开花物候期,确定适宜的品种配置。【方法】以湖南省怀化市树龄为7 a的薄壳山核桃14个品种为材料,观察群体及单花(雌、雄花)开花时间、花发育形态以及散粉期和可授期,记录并分析花发育时期气候条件。【结果】14个品种的薄壳山核桃中有4个品种为雌先型,5个品种为雄先型,5个品种为同熟型。雌花一般在4月下旬进入现蕾期,5月中旬进入可授期,雄花在4月下旬和5月上旬进入萌芽伸长期,5月中上旬进入散粉盛期,由此得出该地区‘密西西比’、‘亚林100’、‘威奇塔’、‘斯图尔特’和‘卡多’4个品种具有一定的自花授粉能力,适宜的授粉组合为‘湘林1号’×‘福克特’,‘密西西比’×‘卡多’,‘金奥瓦’×‘特贾斯’、‘金奥瓦’×‘斯图尔特’或‘金奥瓦’×‘马汉’,‘佩鲁奎’×‘特贾斯’、‘佩鲁奎’×‘马汉’或‘佩鲁奎’×‘斯图尔特’,‘波尼’×‘特贾斯’或‘波尼’×‘马汉’,‘普兹内’×‘特贾斯’或‘普兹内’×‘马汉’。【结论】不同品种薄壳山核桃的开花物候期是建立果园的重要依据之一,本试验结果可为湖南及中南低山丘陵区薄壳山核桃的品种配置提供参考。

关键词: 薄壳山核桃, 花发育特征, 开花物候期, 品种配置, 湖南省

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to observe the flower development characteristics and flowering phenology of 14 Carya illinoinensis in Hunan Province, and to determine a suitable variety of combinations. 【Method】 Taking 7-year-old C. illinoinensis in Huaihua City, Hunan Province as materials, the flowering time, flower development morphology, pollen dispersal period and receptive period of female and male flowers were observed, and the climatic conditions of the flower development period were recorded and analyzed. 【Result】 Among the 14 varieties of C. illinoinensis, four varieties were protogynous, five varieties were protandrous, and five varieties were monochogamous. Female flowers generally entered the budding period in late April and entered the receptive period in mid-May. The male flowers entered the elongation period in late April and early May and entered the pollinating period in early to mid-May. It was concluded that ‘Mississippi’, ‘YaLin No. 100’, ‘Wichita’, ‘Stuart’ and ‘Caddo’ had a self-pollination ability in this region, and the suitable variety combinations were ‘XiangLin No. 1’ × ‘Forket’; ‘Mississippi’ × Caddo’; ‘Kiowa’ × ‘Tejas’, ‘Kiowa’ × ‘Stuart’ or ‘Kiowa’ × ‘Mahan’; ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Tejas’, ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Mahan’ or ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Stuart’; ‘Pawnee’ × ‘Tejas’ or ‘ Pawnee’ × ‘Mahan’; ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Tejas’ or ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Mahan’. 【Conclusion】 The flowering phenology of different varieties of C. illinoinensis is an important basis for establishing orchards. The results of this experiment provide a reference for the variety combinations of C. illinoinensis in Hunan and the hilly areas of central and southern China.

Key words: Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, flower development characteristics, flowering phenology, variety combination, Hunan Province

中图分类号:

S664.1
S768

蒋瑶,魏海林,高昌虎,等. 湖南低山丘陵区薄壳山核桃的开花物候期观测及品种配置[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(1): 53-62.

JIANG Yao, WEI Hailin, GAO Changhu, WANG Dagu, FENG Nanke, LI Rui, LIU Rongrong, LYU Fangde. Observation on flowering phenology and variety combination of Carya illinoinensis in low mountains and hills of Hunan Province[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(1): 53-62.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202007051.

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品种 variety	开花日期(月-日) flowering date (month-day)								单花开放日期(月-日) single flower flowering date (month-day)
品种 variety	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	S1/d	S2/d	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	S1/d
‘湘林1号’‘XiangLin No.1’	04-08	04-29	05-03	05-07	05-10	05-18	41	8	05-01	05-09	05-12	05-14	05-17	18
‘福克特’‘Forket’	04-16	05-12	05-10	05-15	05-21	05-31	46	12	05-10	05-17	05-22	05-25	05-31	22
‘密西西比’‘Mississipi’	04-10	05-03	05-06	05-09	05-12	05-19	40	7	05-03	05-10	05-13	05-14	05-18	16
‘金奥瓦’‘Kiowa’	04-03	04-25	04-28	05-01	05-03	05-11	39	6	04-24	05-03	05-05	05-07	05-10	17
‘亚林100 ’‘YaLin No.100’	04-16	04-30	05-06	05-09	05-13	05-23	38	8	05-03	05-10	05-14	05-18	05-23	21
‘威奇塔’‘Wichita’	04-10	05-01	05-09	05-12	05-15	05-22	43	7	05-05	05-13	05-16	05-17	05-22	18
‘佩鲁奎’‘Peruque’	04-11	04-24	04-28	04-30	05-03	05-14	34	6	04-24	04-30	05-05	05-06	05-12	17
‘波尼’‘Pawnee’	04-06	04-21	04-25	04-28	05-02	05-14	39	8	04-23	04-29	05-04	05-06	05-11	19
‘亚林13 ’‘YaLin No.13’	04-15	05-01	05-05	05-11	05-13	05-24	40	9	05-03	05-11	05-14	05-17	05-22	20
‘普兹内’‘Pyzner’	03-25	04-22	04-24	04-30	05-02	05-07	41	9	04-22	04-29	05-03	05-04	05-07	16
‘斯图尔特’‘Stuart’	04-18	05-01	05-06	05-11	05-14	05-23	36	9	05-05	05-12	05-16	05-17	05-23	19
‘特贾斯’‘Tejas’	04-08	04-24	05-02	05-04	05-12	05-18	41	11	04-29	05-05	05-10	05-14	05-18	20
‘马汉’‘Mahan’	04-11	04-30	05-05	05-09	05-12	05-20	40	8	05-02	05-11	05-14	05-16	05-18	17
‘卡多’‘Caddo’	04-12	04-29	05-03	05-05	05-08	05-17	36	6	04-30	05-07	05-10	05-12	05-16	17

品种 variety	开花日期(月-日) flowering date (month-day)							单花开花日期(月-日) single flower flowering date (month-day)
品种 variety	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	S1/d	S2/d	B1	B2	B3	B4	B5	S1/d
‘湘林1号’‘XiangLin No.1’	04-24	05-03	05-10	05-21	05-22	29	18	04-27	05-05	05-15	05-20	05-23	27
‘福克特’‘Forket’	04-22	05-03	05-11	05-15	05-23	32	12	04-25	05-04	05-12	05-16	05-21	27
‘密西西比’‘Mississipi’	04-24	05-03	05-07	05-10	05-16	23	8	04-25	05-03	05-11	05-16	05-20	26
‘金奥瓦’‘Kiowa’	04-25	05-03	05-07	05-10	05-14	20	8	04-26	05-03	05-10	05-14	05-19	24
‘亚林100 ’‘YaLin No.100’	04-22	05-03	05-09	05-13	05-16	25	8	04-24	05-02	05-12	05-16	05-19	26
‘威奇塔’‘Wichita’	04-30	05-08	05-12	05-15	05-20	21	8	05-01	05-08	05-15	05-20	05-24	24
‘佩鲁奎’‘Peruque’	04-25	05-03	05-07	05-10	05-15	21	8	04-27	05-03	05-10	05-15	05-20	24
‘波尼’‘Pawnee’	04-23	05-01	05-05	05-08	05-19	27	8	04-28	05-04	05-11	05-19	05-24	27
‘亚林13 ’‘YaLin No.13’	04-27	05-05	05-07	05-10	05-16	20	6	04-29	05-05	05-09	05-15	05-20	22
‘普兹内’‘Pyzner’	04-19	05-02	05-07	05-10	05-17	29	9	04-23	05-01	05-10	05-17	05-20	28
‘斯图尔特’‘Stuart’	04-19	05-03	05-08	05-12	05-17	29	9	04-21	05-01	05-11	05-17	05-21	31
‘特贾斯’‘Tejas’	04-16	04-28	05-02	05-05	05-10	25	8	04-17	04-27	05-05	05-10	05-13	27
‘马汉’‘Mahan’	04-20	04-30	05-02	05-05	05-12	22	6	04-21	04-30	05-05	05-12	05-17	27
‘卡多’‘Caddo’	04-23	05-03	05-08	05-10	05-16	24	8	04-24	05-01	05-10	05-16	05-20	27

品种 variety	授粉品种 pollinated varieties
‘湘林1号’‘XiangLin No.1’	‘湘林1号’+‘福克特’
‘福克特’‘Forket’	‘特贾斯’,‘斯图尔特’,‘湘林1号’+‘福克特’/‘威奇塔’
‘密西西比’‘Mississipi’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘马汉’,‘卡多’+‘密西西比’/‘斯图尔特’/‘亚林100’
‘金奥瓦’‘Kiowa’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘马汉’,‘卡多’+‘密西西比’/‘斯图尔特/’‘亚林100’
‘亚林100 ’‘YaLin No.100’	‘亚林100’,‘湘林1号’+‘斯图尔特’/‘特贾斯’/‘马汉’/‘密西西比’
‘威奇塔’‘Wichita’	‘威奇塔’,‘福克特’,‘亚林13’,‘斯图尔特’,‘马汉’
‘佩鲁奎’‘Peruque’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘卡多’+‘密西西比’/‘金奥瓦’/‘斯图尔特’/‘马汉’
‘波尼’‘Pawnee’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘卡多’
‘亚林13 ’‘YaLin No.13’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘密西西比’,‘亚林100’,‘斯图尔特’
‘普兹内’‘Pyzner’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘卡多’+‘密西西比’/‘金奥瓦’/‘斯图尔特’/‘马汉’
‘斯图尔特’‘Stuart’	‘斯图尔特’,‘特贾斯’,‘湘林1号’,‘亚林100’,‘密西西比’,‘马汉’
‘特贾斯’‘Tejas’	‘金奥瓦’/‘佩鲁奎’/‘波尼’/‘普兹内’+ ‘特贾斯’
‘马汉’‘Mahan’	‘金奥瓦’/‘佩鲁奎’/‘波尼’/‘普兹内’+ ‘卡多’
‘卡多’‘Caddo’	‘卡多’,‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’

湖南低山丘陵区薄壳山核桃的开花物候期观测及品种配置

Observation on flowering phenology and variety combination of Carya illinoinensis in low mountains and hills of Hunan Province

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