榛子中的杀虫剂残留GC-MS检测与膳食风险评估

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201912036

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 213-219.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201912036

榛子中的杀虫剂残留GC-MS检测与膳食风险评估

张兴政(), 李欣宇, 程云清, 刘剑锋^*()

吉林师范大学吉林省植物资源科学与绿色生产重点实验室,吉林四平 136000

收稿日期:2019-12-20 接受日期:2020-11-20 出版日期:2021-03-30 发布日期:2021-04-09
通讯作者: 刘剑锋
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31670681);国家自然科学基金项目(31770723);吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术研究项目(JJKH20191012KJ)

GC-MS detection of pesticide residues in the hazelnut and dietary risk assessment

ZHANG Xingzheng(), LI Xinyu, CHENG Yunqing, LIU Jianfeng^*()

Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China

Received:2019-12-20 Accepted:2020-11-20 Online:2021-03-30 Published:2021-04-09
Contact: LIU Jianfeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】对人工化学防治榛园中榛仁、果壳、叶片和土壤杀虫剂残留水平进行了检测,开展了榛仁的健康风险评估。【方法】在辽宁、吉林的10个地区、26个人工榛园分别采集了榛仁、果壳各26份,叶片、土壤样品各21份,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析检测了9种有机磷类(organophosphates, OPs)、2种有机氯类(organochlorines, OCs)和8种除虫菊酯类(pyrethroids, PYs)杀虫剂的残留水平,利用急性危害指数、长期摄入危害指数和累积危害指数等指标评估消费者健康风险。【结果】在检测的94份样品中,45份样品检测出杀虫剂残留,其中29份样品中杀虫剂残留超出国家标准中最大残留限量。26个榛仁样品中,26.90%样品含有2种以上杀虫剂残留,11.54%样品含有5种以上杀虫剂残留;19.23%样品残留物高于最大残留限值;所有样品共检出13种杀虫剂;短期风险评估中的重要指标急性危害指数最高为2.45%;长期风险评估中的重要指标长期摄入危害指数最高为5.50%。榛仁中OPs、OCs和PYs杀虫剂累积危害指数(cumulative hazard index, cHI)分别为7.98%、0.08%、2.07%。【结论】榛园中杀虫剂残留种类较多,总体残留程度不高,且在榛仁中存在部分杀虫剂(13种)残留,但其急性危害指数及累积危害指数很小,摄入健康风险较小。

关键词: 榛子, 杀虫剂, 残留, GC-MS, 风险评估

Abstract:

【Objective】Pesticide residues in the kernels, shells and leaves of hazel and soil from hazel orchards were detected, and health risk assessment of hazel kernel consumption was performed. 【Method】In 10 regions of Liaoning and Jilin, 26 hazel nut, 21 leaf and 21 soil samples were collected from 26 artificial hazelnut orchards. The residue levels of nine organophosphorus compounds (organophosphates, OPs), two organochlorine compounds (organochlorines, OCs) and eight pyrethroids (PYs) were determined with GC-MS, followed by the acute/short-term consumer health index (aHI), hazard quotient (HQ) and cumulative hazard index (cHI) calculation of kernel consumption for consumer health risk assessment. 【Result】Among all 94 samples tested, pesticide residues were detected in 45 samples, and 29 samples had pesticide residue levels higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Among the 26 kernel samples, 26.90% contained more than two types of pesticide residues, and 11.54% contained more than five types of pesticide residues, 19.23% of which were higher than the MRLs of China. In all tested samples, 13 pesticides were found. The highest aHI for short-term risk assessment was 2.45%; the highest HQ for long-term risk assessment was 5.50%. The kernel cumulative risks of OPs, OCs and PYs were 7.98%, 0.08% and 2.07%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Although several pesticide residues were detected in hazel orchards, the levels were not high. Collectively, there are some pesticide residues in hazelnuts (13 types); however, their aHI and cHI have small values that represent lower health risks to consumers.

Key words: hazelnut, pesticide, residue, GC-MS, risk assessment

中图分类号:

S481.8

张兴政,李欣宇,程云清,等. 榛子中的杀虫剂残留GC-MS检测与膳食风险评估[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(2): 213-219.

ZHANG Xingzheng, LI Xinyu, CHENG Yunqing, LIU Jianfeng. GC-MS detection of pesticide residues in the hazelnut and dietary risk assessment[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(2): 213-219.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201912036.

图/表 5

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杀虫剂类型 type of pesticide	杀虫剂 pesticide	CAS号 CAS No.	定量限/ (μg·kg^-1) LOQ	回收率/% recovery rate	检出限/ (μg·kg^-1) LOD
有机磷类杀虫剂 organophosphates	敌敌畏dichlorvos	62-73-7	2.4	89.1~93.2	0.7
	乐果dimethoate	60-51-5	1.5	82.3~108.2	0.4
	二嗪磷diazinon	333-41-5	0.4	82.6~93.0	0.2
	杀螟硫磷fenitrothion	122-14-5	6.1	92.5~98.4	1.8
	马拉硫磷malathion	121-75-5	3.0	93.1~96.0	0.9
	毒死蜱chlorpyrifos	2921-88-2	3.5	95.7~96.5	1.0
	对硫磷parathion	56-38-2	5.0	86.8~93.1	1.5
	丙溴磷profenofos	41198-08-7	11.6	97.6~103.1	3.5
	哒螨灵pyridaben	96489-71-3	0.2	74.3~90.8	0.1
有机氯类杀虫剂 organochlorines	六六六lindane	58-89-9	11.4	85.5~105.7	3.3
有机氯类杀虫剂 organochlorines	五氯硝基苯pentachlor	82-68-8	10.6	91.3~110.1	3.1
除虫菊酯类杀虫剂 pyrethroids	氟氰戊菊酯flucythrinate	70124-77-5	10.9	101.9~113.1	3.2
	氟胺氰菊酯tau-fluvalinate	102851-06-9	8.9	103.1~115.8	2.8
	联苯菊酯bifenthrin	82657-04-3	0.2	79.9~86.5	0.1
	甲氰菊酯fenpropathrin	64257-84-7	1.9	82.3~90.4	0.6
	氯氟氰菊酯cyhalothrin	91465-08-6	10.9	80.3~95.2	3.4
	氟氯氰菊酯cyfluthrin	68359-37-5	17.5	88.9~99.1	5.3
	氯氰菊酯cypermethrin	52315-07-8	37.0	93.2~106.0	11.1
	醚菊酯ethofenprox	80844-07-1	11.4	100.8~113.3	3.3

杀虫剂 pesticide	果仁 kernel	果壳 shell	叶片 leaf	土壤 soil	最高残留限量^[14] (中国) MRL(China)
敌敌畏dichlorvos	n.d.~1.140 3	n.d.~1.443 6	n.d.~2.624 7	n.d.~2.726 2	0.20^*
乐果dimethoate	n.d.~0.041 0	n.d.~0.735 8	n.d.	n.d.~1.735 1	0.50^*
二嗪磷diazinon	n.d.~0.008 8	n.d.~0.001 9	n.d.	n.d.~0.119 5	0.01
杀螟硫磷fenitrothion	n.d.~0.905 2	n.d.~2.020 8	n.d.	n.d.~1.429 4	0.50^*
马拉硫磷malathion	n.d.~0.004 1	n.d.~0.001 6	n.d.~1.015 7	n.d.~2.654 8	0.50^*
毒死蜱chlorpyrifos	n.d.~0.000 1	n.d.~0.146 9	n.d.	n.d.	0.50^*
对硫磷parathion	n.d.~0.000 3	n.d.~0.000 5	n.d.	n.d.	0.01^*
丙溴磷profenofos	n.d.~0.025 7	n.d.~0.024 8	n.d.	n.d.~2.017 4	0.05^*
哒螨灵pyridaben	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	2.00^*

杀虫剂 pesticide	果仁 kernel	果壳 shell	叶片 leaf	土壤 soil	最高残留限量^[14] (中国) MRL(China)
六六六lindane	n.d.~0.023 2	n.d.~1.393 4	n.d.	n.d.~1.896 6	0.05^*
五氯硝基苯pentachlor	n.d.	n.d.~0.558 8	n.d.	n.d.	0.10^*

杀虫剂 pesticide	果仁 kernel	果壳 shell	叶片 leaf	土壤 soil	最高残留限量(中国) MRL(China)
氟氰戊菊酯flucythrinate	n.d.~1.247 6	n.d.~1.741 5	n.d.~2.165 6	n.d.~1.547 7	0.50^*
氟胺氰菊酯tau-fluvalinate	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	0.50^*
联苯菊酯bifenthrin	n.d.~0.000 4	n.d.~0.000 2	n.d.	n.d.	0.05^*
甲氰菊酯fenpropathrin	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	5.00^*
氯氟氰菊酯cyhalothrin	n.d.~1.469 2	n.d.~2.085 2	n.d.	n.d.-2.063 2	0.01
氟氯氰菊酯cyfluthrin	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	0.20^*
氯氰菊酯cypermethrin	n.d.~0.018 0	n.d.~2.683 0	n.d.~3.107 2	n.d.~3.244 2	0.05
醚菊酯ethofenprox	n.d.	n.d.~0.001 3	n.d.	n.d.~0.079 3	0.20^*

杀虫剂 pesticide	短期风险 short-term risk
杀虫剂 pesticide	E_STI/ (mg·kg^-1·d^-1)	A_RfD/ (mg·kg^-1·d^-1)	a_HI/%	E_DI/ (mg·kg^-1·d^-1)	A_DI/ (mg·kg^-1·d^-1)	H_Q/%
敌敌畏dichlorvos	7.13×10^-4	0.100	0.71	2.20×10^-4	0.004	5.50
乐果dimethoate	1.39×10^-5	0.020	0.07	1.39×10^-5	0.002	0.69
二嗪磷diazinon	2.93×10^-6	0.030	0.01	1.52×10^-6	0.005	0.03
杀螟硫磷fenitrothion	3.02×10^-4	0.040	0.75	1.04×10^-4	0.006	1.73
马拉硫磷malathion	1.36×10^-6	2.000	0.00	9.48×10^-7	0.300	0.00
毒死蜱chlorpyrifos	3.83×10^-8	0.100	0.00	3.83×10^-8	0.010	0.00
对硫磷parathion	1.08×10^-7	0.010	0.00	1.08×10^-7	0.004	0.00
丙溴磷profenofos	8.58×10^-6	1.000	0.00	8.58×10^-6	0.030	0.03
哒螨灵pyridaben	/	/	/	/	0.010	/
六六六lindane	7.75×10^-6	/	/	4.02×10^-6	0.005	0.08
五氯硝基苯pentachlor	/	/	/	/	0.010	/
氟氰戊菊酯flucythrinate	4.16×10^-4	/	/	1.16×10^-4	0.020	0.58
氟胺氰菊酯tau-fluvalinate	/	/	/	/	0.005	/
联苯菊酯bifenthrin	1.35×10^-7	0.010	0.00	1.35×10^-7	0.01	0.00
甲氰菊酯fenpropathrin	/	0.030	/	/	0.030	/
氯氟氰菊酯cyhalothrin	4.90×10^-4	0.020	2.45	2.93×10^-4	0.020	1.47
氟氯氰菊酯cyfluthrin	/	0.040	/	/	0.040	/
氯氰菊酯cypermethrin	6.00×10^-6	0.040	0.020	4.52×10^-6	0.020	0.02
醚菊酯ethofenprox	/	/	/	/	0.030	/

榛子中的杀虫剂残留GC-MS检测与膳食风险评估

GC-MS detection of pesticide residues in the hazelnut and dietary risk assessment

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