关键词: 果树, 品质育种, 抗性育种, 分子育种

Abstract:

China is the largest country in the fruit tree industry, with abundant resources of fruit tree varieties. With the change of market demand and natural environment, some new problems and new demands need to be solved in China’s fruit industry. It is necessary to study deeply, analyze comprehensively the present situation, and discuss the future development direction of fruit tree breeding in China. Molecular breeding technologies such as genetically modified technology and molecular marker technology have the advantages of a short cycle, high efficiency, and high precision in directional breeding. These technologies are important methods for modern fruit tree breeding research, and can be applied into fruit tree breeding to improve the quality of fruit and enhance the competitiveness of the industry. Based on the problems such as a single variety, declining quality, and increasing pests and diseases, this paper reviewed the application, disadvantages and suggestions of modern molecular biology techniques in fruit tree breeding, including improving the quality-related traits such as color, shape, size, flavor, texture, smell and functional substances, as well as the abi-lity of resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought, low temperature, high temperature and biotic stresses such as diseases and insect pests to provide references for fruit tree breeding. It is considered that the molecular breeding of fruit trees in China should meet the needs of different populations and different uses, and cultivate diversified and personalized varieties. We should take high quality, green and safety as the development direction, and cultivate varieties with good resistance and suitable for the labor-saving cultivation. It is necessary to make full use of the abundant genetic information resources in the whole genome of fruit trees, and comprehensively analyze the gene functions at the genome or system levels, so as to reveal the molecular mechanisms of fruit tree growth and development, environmental response interaction network, metabolism and so on, and lay the foundation for directional breeding of fruit trees. Meanwhile, modern biology and other advanced technologies should be comprehensively used to improve breeding efficiency and gradually shorten the breeding cycle.

Key words: fruit tree, quality breeding, resistance breeding, molecular breeding