南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 159-166.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003027

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东北东部山区主要树种枝条及其组分水力特征

荆烁(), 孙慧珍*()   

  1. 东北林业大学林学院生态研究中心,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-10 接受日期:2020-06-22 出版日期:2021-07-30 发布日期:2021-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 孙慧珍
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572019CP14);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572018BA05)

The hydraulic characteristics of the whole branch and its components of the major tree species in the eastern region of northeast China

JING Shuo(), SUN Huizhen*()   

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Center for Ecological Research,School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
  • Received:2020-03-10 Accepted:2020-06-22 Online:2021-07-30 Published:2021-07-30
  • Contact: SUN Huizhen

摘要:

【目的】针叶树种和阔叶树种木质部孔性特征的分化,导致两个功能类群在水力学结构上存在显著差异,分析针叶与阔叶树种枝条及其组分间导水率对比特征,了解树木枝-叶水力传导机制。【方法】以东北温带森林中常见的3种针叶树种红松(Pinus koraiensis)、红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)、兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)和4种阔叶树种白桦(Betula platyphylla)、五角槭(Acer mono)、春榆(Ulmus japonica)、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)为研究对象,利用高压流速仪(HPFM)的准稳态法,测定枝条的整枝(Kwb)、茎段(Kb)、叶片(Klb)和叶柄导水率(Kp),并分别计算基于叶面积和叶质量的整枝(Kwb-areaKwb-mass)、茎段(Kb-areaKb-mass)、叶片导水率(Klb-areaKlb-mass)。比较同一树种枝条水力阻力分配以及不同树种同一组分间导水率差异,并探索标准化后的枝条及其组分导水率与叶性状[包括比叶质量(LMA)和叶干物质含量(LDMC)]的关系。【结果】①红松的Klb约是KbKwb的4倍,针叶阻力(Rlb)仅占枝条总水力阻力(Rwb)的20%;其余树种KlbKwb差异不显著,并显著低于Kb,RlbRwb的61%~80%,茎段阻力(Rb)占Rwb的20%左右,叶柄阻力(Rp)占Rwb不足10%。② 不同材性树种Klb-area表现为无孔材最高、散孔材和环孔材树种相似,阔叶Klb-area显著低于针叶。不同材性或叶习性树种间Kwb-areaKb-area均无显著差异。③ Klb-areaKwb-areaKb-area与比叶质量(LMA)、干物质含量(LDMC)均正相关,其中Klb-area与两者相关极显著(P<0.01);Klb-massKwb-massKb-mass与LMA、LDMC均为负相关,Klb-mass与两者相关不显著。【结论】除了红松,其余6个树种均可采用枝条或带叶柄的叶片代替叶片导水率数据。针叶导水率高于阔叶,一定程度上弥补了针叶树种木质部输水效率低的限制。对针叶树种采用枝条代替Klb-area分析与叶性状的关系需慎重,基于单位叶质量的枝条及其组分导水率指标,能够如实反映针阔叶树种叶导水率与叶性状的关系。

关键词: 水力导度, 针叶树, 阔叶树, 枝条及其组分, 叶性状, 高压流速仪, 东北地区

Abstract:

【Objective】The divergence in wood types between coniferous and broadleaved tree species is expected to lead to significantly different hydraulic architectures between these two functional groups. Despite extensive research on branch xylem, the hydraulic conductance of the whole branch and its parts between the two groups are not well understood.【Method】In the present study, the hydraulic conductance and the hydraulic relative resistance (the inverse of conductance) of the whole branch (Kwb), leafless branch (Kb), leaf blades (Klb), and petioles (KP)as well as the above values normalized by leaf area (Kwb-area, Kb-area, Klb-area) and dry mass (Kwb-mass, Kb-mass, Klb-mass), were determined in the quasi-steady-state mode using a high-pressure flow meter (HPFM). This was performed on three conifers (Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelinii) and four deciduous broadleaved tree species (Betula platyphylla, Acer mono, Ulmus japonica, Quercus mongolica) commonly found in the eastern region of northeast China. We analyzed the hydraulic resistance distribution of the whole branch, compared hydraulic conductance values within the same part of the branch among the different tree species, wood properties, or leaf habits, and established the relationship between the hydraulic conductance and leaf traits(leaf mass per area-LMA and leaf dry mass content-LDMC).【Result】The Klb for Pinus koraiensis was approximately four times as much as the Kwb and Kb, whereas the Klb and Kwb for the remaining six species were similar, and significantly lower than those of the Kb. The leaf-blade relative resistance (Rlb) in Pinus koraiensis accounted for 20% of the total hydraulic resistance (Rwb) in the branch, whereas the relative resistance contribution of Rlb, leafless branch (Rb), and petiole (Rp) to the Rwb ranged from 61% to 80%, about 20%, and lower than 10%, respectively, for the remaining tree species. The Klb-area of the non-porous species was higher than those of the diffuse- and ring-porous species. The latter two functional groups showed no significant difference in the Klb-area, resulting in a significantly higher Klb-area for coniferous species than for that of broadleaved species. No differences was found in terms of the Kwb-area or Kb-area among tree species with different wood types or leaf habits. Leaf area-based hydraulic conductances were positively correlated with the LMA or LDMC, whereas leaf mass-based hydraulic conductances were negatively correlated with the LMA and LDMC. The Klb-area and Klb-mass showed a strong and a weak relationship with leaf traits, respectively.【Conclusion】The whole branches or leaf blades with petioles could be used to measure the Klb for all the tree species examined, with the exception of Pinus koraiensis. The Klb of coniferous species was higher than that of broadleaved tree species, which compensated for the lower xylem hydraulic efficiency, to some extent. Caution should be applied when analyzing the relationship between the Klb-area and leaf traits using the whole branch for coniferous tree species. Leaf mass-based hydraulic conductance can faithfully reflect the relationship between the leaf hydraulic conductance and the leaf traits of coniferous and broadleaved trees.

Key words: hydraulic conductance, coniferous tree, broadleaved tree, whole branch and its components, leaf trait, high-pressure flowmeter, northeast China

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