踩踏干扰下紫金山土壤质量季节变化特征

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.2020110005

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 185-193.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.2020110005

踩踏干扰下紫金山土壤质量季节变化特征

刘倩倩¹(), 彭孝楠¹, 刘鑫¹, 王舒甜¹, 戴康龙², 徐海兵², 董丽娜², 张金池¹^,^*()

1.南京林业大学,南方现代协同创新中心,江苏省水土保持与生态修复重点实验室,江苏南京 210037
2.中山陵园管理局,江苏南京 210014

收稿日期:2020-11-23 接受日期:2021-04-15 出版日期:2022-05-30 发布日期:2022-06-10
通讯作者: 张金池
基金资助:
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(17)1004);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);南京市建设系统科研计划项目(Ks2005)

Seasonal variation characteristics of soil quality in Zijin Mountain under the disturbance of trample

LIU Qianqian¹(), PENG Xiaonan¹, LIU Xin¹, WANG Shutian¹, DAI Kanglong², XU Haibin², DONG Li’na², ZHANG Jinchi¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing 210037, China
2. The Administration Bureau of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, Nanjing 210014, China

Received:2020-11-23 Accepted:2021-04-15 Online:2022-05-30 Published:2022-06-10
Contact: ZHANG Jinchi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究踩踏干扰下紫金山国家城市森林公园土壤质量变化特征,分析季节变化对同一踩踏干扰条件下土壤质量的影响。【方法】以南京紫金山国家城市森林公园土壤为研究对象,随机选择8条宽度为3 m的游人道路,将7 m×1 m的土壤采集样带垂直设置在每条游人步道上,每条土壤采集样带上设置3个土壤取样点,分别作为活动区、缓冲区、背景区。测定游人道路在不同踩踏干扰强度下土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的季节变化。采用因子分析法计算主成分的方差贡献率,并对各指标在各主成分线性组合中的系数进行加权平均,探究土壤质量变化规律。【结果】在背景区、缓冲区和活动区,土壤容重以春、秋季较高,夏、冬季较低,夏、冬季土壤最大持水量和孔隙度高于春、秋季;土壤pH以夏、冬季高于春、秋季;春季土壤有机质含量显著低于夏、秋、冬季,土壤速效磷养分含量以夏季最高、春季最低;夏季土壤酶活性高于春、秋、冬3季。在背景区,春季土壤质量低于夏、秋、冬3季;在不同踩踏干扰程度下,夏、冬季土壤质量均高于春、秋季;随着踩踏干扰强度增强,土壤容重和pH在4个季节均呈上升趋势,土壤最大持水量、孔隙度、生化指标和土壤酶活性在4个季节均呈下降趋势。结构平衡方程模型(SEM)分析显示,土壤理化指标和土壤酶活性与土壤质量存在显著相关性。【结论】土壤全氮含量、速效磷含量、最大持水量和蔗糖酶活性对不同季节和踩踏干扰强度下土壤质量变化的贡献度较大,可以作为紫金山国家城市森林公园土壤综合质量评价指标;季节变化对同一踩踏干扰强度的土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性影响显著。

关键词: 土壤理化性质, 酶活性, 踩踏, 季节变化, 紫金山国家城市森林公园

Abstract:

【Objective】 This research aims to explore the characteristics of soil quality change in Zijin Mountain National Urban Forest Park under trampling disturbance and study the influence of seasonal changes on soil quality under the same trampling disturbance conditions. 【Method】This study took Nanjing Zijin Mountain National Urban Forest Park as the research object. Eight tourist roads with a width of 3 m were randomly selected; a 7 m × 1 m soil collection sample strip was set vertically on each tourist trail, and soil was collected from each strip. Three 1 m × 1 m soil sampling points were set up on the transect. The first, second and third sampling points were respectively 1 m, 3 m and 7 m away from the center of the road as the active area, buffer zone and background area, respectively. The soil was collected over four seasons to determine the seasonal changes in soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzymes under different trampling disturbance intensities on the tourist roads. A factor analysis method was used to calculate the variance contribution rates of the principal components, and the coefficients of each index in the linear combination of the principal components were weighted and averaged to determine the weight and law of soil quality changes. 【Result】 In the background area, buffer zone and active area, the bulk density was higher in spring and autumn and lower in summer and winter. The maximum moisture content and porosity of the soil in summer and winter were higher than those in spring and autumn. The pH were higher in summer and winter, and lower in spring and autumn. The organic matter content in spring was significantly lower than that in summer, autumn and winter, and the content of available phosphorus was the highest in summer and lowest in spring. Soil enzyme activity in summer was higher than that in spring, autumn and winter. In the background area, the soil quality in spring was lower than that in summer, autumn and winter. Under different degrees of trampling disturbance, the soil quality in summer and winter was higher than that in spring and autumn. With increasing intensity of trampling disturbance, soil bulk density and pH showed an upward trend in the four seasons. However, maximum moisture content, capillary porosity, biochemical indicators and enzyme activity all showed a downward trend in the four seasons. Structural equilibrium equation model (SEM) analysis showed that soil physical and chemical characteristics and soil enzyme activity were significantly correlated with soil quality. 【Conclusion】 The study showed that soil total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, maximum moisture content, and enzyme activity are more weighted; that is, they make a greater contribution to changes in soil quality under different seasons and intensities of trampling and can be used as the soil comprehensive quality evaluation index of Zijin Mountain National Urban Forest Park. Seasonal changes have significant effects on soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzymes with the same intensity of trampling disturbance.

Key words: physical and chemical properties of soil, enzyme activity, trampling, seasonal changes, Zijin Mountain National Urban Forest Park

中图分类号:

S158

刘倩倩,彭孝楠,刘鑫,等. 踩踏干扰下紫金山土壤质量季节变化特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(3): 185-193.

LIU Qianqian, PENG Xiaonan, LIU Xin, WANG Shutian, DAI Kanglong, XU Haibin, DONG Li’na, ZHANG Jinchi. Seasonal variation characteristics of soil quality in Zijin Mountain under the disturbance of trample[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(3): 185-193.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.2020110005.

图/表 6

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踩踏干扰强度 trampling intensity	季节 season	土壤容重/ (g·cm^-3) soil density	最大持水量/ (g·kg^-1) maximum moisture content	毛管持水量/ (g·kg^-1) capillary moisture content	毛管孔隙度/% capillary porosity	非毛管孔隙度/% no capillary porosity
弱(背景区) weak (background area)	春	1.40±0.03 Ba	239.88±13.00 Ab	182.00±4.50 Ab	26.63±2.24 Ac	6.65±2.59 Aa
	夏	1.36±0.03 Ba	269.06±24.14 Aa	224.50±36.25 Aab	31.32±6.8 Ab	8.46±3.01 Aa
	秋	1.41±0.02 Ba	233.94±12.93 Ab	180.86±4.83 Ab	26.94±5.05 Ac	7.63±2.55 Aa
	冬	1.39±0.02 Ba	272.65±28.65 Aa	250.00±30.08 Aa	36.06±4.44 Aa	3.34±2.28 Ab
中(缓冲区) medium (buffer area)	春	1.58±0.04 Aa	185.15±14.30 Bb	149.01±6.85 Bc	24.18±2.77 Ac	6.33±3.06 ABa
	夏	1.53±0.07 Aa	235.28±20.33 ABa	185.60±12.31 ABb	29.68±4.52 ABb	8.08±3.71 Aa
	秋	1.58±0.03 Aa	189.09±7.36 Bb	145.21±11.57 Bc	24.16±7.05 Ac	7.34±2.8 Aa
	冬	1.46±0.03 Aa	252.07±17.79 Ba	238.08±28.17 Aa	35.64±3.93 Aa	3.03±1.7 Ab
强(活动区) strong (activity area)	春	1.65±0.02 Aa	173.46±4.11 Bc	134.90±10.35Cb	24.22±3.5 Abc	5.64±2.11 Bc
	夏	1.60±0.04 Aa	204.67±4.92 Cb	158.33±13.91 Bb	26.31±3.16 Bb	7.71±1.96 Aa
	秋	1.63±0.03 Aa	174.54±6.89 Bc	134.30±14.61 Bb	22.79±3.79 Ac	6.86±3.22 Abc
	冬	1.51±0.05 Ab	247.04±17.34 Ba	232.68±24.52 Aa	36.22±3.34 Aa	2.53±1.74 Ad
双因素方差分析 two-factor analysis	季节	0.005	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	踩踏干扰强度	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.008	0.296
	季节×踩踏干扰强度	0.593	0.038	0.063	0.460	0.240

踩踏干扰强度 trampling intensity	季节 season	pH	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1) organic matter content	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) total nitrogen	速效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1) available phosphorus content
弱(背景区) weak (background area)	春	4.89±0.05 Bb	44.11±1.85 Aa	3.67±0.49 Aa	9.66±1.32 Ab
	夏	4.98±0.02 Ba	46.48±1.49 Aa	3.88±0.38 Aa	12.20±0.64 Aa
	秋	4.94±0.05 Bab	46.33±1.39 Aa	3.98±0.41 Aa	10.29±1.42 Aab
	冬	4.95±0.03 Bab	44.81±3.47 Aa	3.55±0.28 Aa	11.88±0.36 Aa
中(缓冲区) medium (buffer area)	春	5.10±0.04 ABb	29.43±2.37 Bb	2.33±0.12 Bc	5.58±0.91 Bc
	夏	5.38±0.11 ABa	37.50±2.66 Ba	2.78±0.11 Ba	8.12±0.51 Ba
	秋	5.10±0.07 ABb	35.13±4.52 Ba	2.61±0.13 Bab	6.21±0.97 Bbc
	冬	5.24±0.10 ABab	37.08±0.76 Ba	2.51±0.14 Bbc	7.42±0.39 Bab
强(活动区) strong (activity area)	春	5.36±0.14 Aa	25.39±1.83 Cb	1.99±0.15 Bb	5.42±0.49 Bb
	夏	5.47±0.14 Aa	33.55±1.05 Ba	2.29±0.15 Ca	6.93±0.14 Ca
	秋	5.35±0.12 Aa	33.89±1.90 Ba	2.12±0.16 Cab	5.75±0.65 Bb
	冬	5.42±0.10 Aa	33.45±1.92 Ca	2.09±0.09 Cab	6.82±0.14 Ca
双因素方差分析 two-factor analysis	季节	0.001	<0.001	0.034	<0.001
	踩踏干扰强度	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	季节×踩踏干扰强度	0.338	0.053	0.827	0.892

踩踏干扰下紫金山土壤质量季节变化特征

Seasonal variation characteristics of soil quality in Zijin Mountain under the disturbance of trample

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