凉山油橄榄主栽品种叶中营养物质和酚类含量的季节性变化

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105020

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 169-176.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105020

凉山油橄榄主栽品种叶中营养物质和酚类含量的季节性变化

王碧霞¹(), 杜小奇¹, 邓燕¹, 蔡晓梅¹, 苏光灿²

1.西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院,四川南充 637002
2.凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司,四川西昌 615000

收稿日期:2021-05-11 修回日期:2021-08-25 出版日期:2022-07-30 发布日期:2022-08-01
基金资助:
西华师范大学博士科研启动基金项目(20E046);四川省南充市科技局项目(19YFZJ0108);四川省教育厅科研项目(SDJJ1915)

Seasonal variations of the nutrients and phenols from olive leaves in main cultivation varieties at Liangshan, Sichuan Province

WANG Bixia¹(), DU Xiaoqi¹, DENG Yan¹, CAI Xiaomei¹, SU Guangcan²

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
2. Liangshan Zhongze New Technology Development Co., Ltd, Xichang 615000, China

Received:2021-05-11 Revised:2021-08-25 Online:2022-07-30 Published:2022-08-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】油橄榄叶是油橄榄产业发展过程中产生的农林废弃物,研究不同品种及叶龄油橄榄叶中主要营养物质和酚类含量在不同季节的变化,为油橄榄叶在药品、保健品和功能性食品等方面的高值化应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以四川凉山6个油橄榄主栽品种的老叶和嫩叶为研究对象,检测其游离氨基酸(FAAC)、可溶性糖(SSC)和可溶性蛋白(SPC)等营养物质含量差异,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析7种主要酚类成分(橄榄苦苷、芦丁、木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、槲皮素和芹菜素)含量的季节变化。【结果】凉山地区油橄榄老叶和嫩叶中主要营养物质和酚类成分呈季节性不均匀分布状态,7种酚类成分在夏秋季节波动幅度大,FAAC、SSC、SPC含量在2—3月和5—6月相对较高;6个品种中,‘鄂植’与‘卡林’叶中营养物质和酚类成分比其他品种丰富,且嫩叶中其含量水平比老叶的高。【结论】油橄榄叶中营养物质丰富和酚类成分稳定的最佳季节为春季,‘鄂植’和‘卡林’嫩叶可作为潜在的高值化应用品种材料来源加以开发和利用。

关键词: 油橄榄叶, 酚类成分, 营养物质, 季节变化, 四川凉山

Abstract:

【Objective】 Olive (Olea europaea) leaves are an agricultural and forestry waste in the olive farming industry. This study aimed to determine their main nutrients and phenolic components, and analyze the content changes between the old and young leaves among olive varieties from January to December. The results can lay a foundation and provide technical support for the high-value application of olive leaves in medicines, health products, and functional foods, etc. 【Method】 Among the six main olive cultivars harvested in Liangshan, Sichuan Province, China, differences in the concentration of free amino acids (FAAC), soluble sugars (SSC), and soluble proteins (SPC) between the old and young leaves were investigated, and level changes in seven main phenolic compounds (oleuropein, rutin, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, quercetin and apigenin) from January to December were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 【Result】 The nutrients and phenols of the old and young leaves among the six olive cultivars were unevenly distributed during the year. The phenolic compounds fluctuated greatly in summer and autumn. FAAC, SSC and SPC exhibited relatively high levels approximately at 2-3 and 5-6 months. Compared with the other varieties, the leaves of ‘Ezhi’ and ‘Kalinjot’ cultivars had of nutrients and phenolic components, with the young leaves possessing higher concentration than the old leaves. 【Conclusion】 The most suitable season to obtain nutrients and phenols from the olive leaves was spring, especially in March, and the best choice was the young leaves of ‘Ezhi’ and ‘Kalinjot’, which could be exploited and utilized reasonably as a potential source.

Key words: olive leaves, phenolic compounds, nutrients, seasonal variation, Liangshan,Sichuan Province

中图分类号:

S789
S718

王碧霞,杜小奇,邓燕,等. 凉山油橄榄主栽品种叶中营养物质和酚类含量的季节性变化[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(4): 169-176.

WANG Bixia, DU Xiaoqi, DENG Yan, CAI Xiaomei, SU Guangcan. Seasonal variations of the nutrients and phenols from olive leaves in main cultivation varieties at Liangshan, Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(4): 169-176.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105020.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

表2

The analysis of main phenolic contents for the seasons and leaf ages from olive leaves单位:mg/g"

月份 month	叶龄 leaf age	橄榄苦苷 oleuropein	芦丁 rutin	木犀草素-4'- O-葡萄糖苷 luteolin-4'-O- glucoside	芹菜素-7-O- 葡萄糖苷 apigenin-7-O- glucoside	木犀草素 luteolin	槲皮素 quercetin
1	老叶OL	43.41±4.49 i	3.65±0.40 a	28.77±3.12 efgh	1.18±0.12 e	0.016±0.001 0 cd	0.050±0.004 7 de
	嫩叶YL	50.64±0.74 hi	3.82±0.23 a	37.73±2.29 cd	1.85±0.05 cd	0.020±0.001 9 cd	0.059±0.002 6 cd
2	老叶OL	24.35±0.75 kl	1.08±0.05 ef	28.45±1.17 efgh	1.19±0.04 e	0.003±0.000 3 d	0.056±0.003 0 cd
	嫩叶YL	66.36±3.74 ef	0.33±0.02 hijk	42.43±1.93 bc	2.48±0.10 b	0.004±0.000 6 d	0.044±0.007 4 defg
3	老叶OL	43.25±0.04 i	0.31±0.01 hijk	27.44±7.06 fgh	2.30±0.05 b	0.004±0.000 3 d	0.025±0.000 9 efgh
	嫩叶YL	116.87±6.60 a	0.23±0.05 ijk	31.63±1.62 defg	1.77±0.14 cd	0.008±0.000 3 d	0.191±0.015 1 a
4	老叶OL	59.52±3.27 fg	0.01±0.01 k	1.41±0.27 l	0.41±0.04 h	0.028±0.003 5 c	nd
	嫩叶YL	19.59±0.04 l	0.05±0.01 jk	1.86±0.18 l	0.57±0.06 gh	0.019±0.001 7 cd	nd
5	老叶OL	87.16±1.37 c	0.45±0.01 hi	33.58±0.38 def	2.36±0.0 4b	0.013±0.001 0 cd	nd
	嫩叶YL	43.23±0.79 i	0.36±0.04 hijk	27.93±3.02 efgh	1.82±0.19 cd	0.071±0.019 9 b	nd
6	老叶OL	33.98±0.05 j	1.50±0.01 cd	44.58±0.43 abc	3.06±0.04 a	0.012±0.000 5 cd	0.025±0.000 5 efgh
	嫩叶YL	98.67±5.39 b	0.83±0.035 fg	47.76±0.13 ab	2.44±0.04 b	0.010±0.000 3 cd	0.134±0.016 6 b
7	老叶OL	20.77±0.13 l	0.49±0.01 ghi	35.20±0.77 de	1.89±0.05 c	0.005±0.000 6 d	0.123±0.015 0 b
	嫩叶YL	58.02±0.33 g	0.43±0.06 hij	22.26±3.32 hij	1.54±0.22 d	0.007±0.000 5 d	0.004±0.000 7 h
8	老叶OL	23.94±0.11 kl	0.61±0.02 ghi	30.71±0.62 defg	2.18±0.0 4b	0.010±0.001 0 cd	0.029±0.002 5 e fgh
	嫩叶YL	55.85±0.41 gh	0.44±0.01 hi	33.29±0.29 def	1.78±0.03 cd	nd	0.114±0.001 5 b
9	老叶OL	6.15±0.08 m	0.64±0.03 gh	12.28±0.42 k	0.77±0.03 fg	0.004±0.000 1 d	nd
	嫩叶YL	5.82±0.01 m	0.66±0.03 gh	17.49±0.72 jk	1.10±0.04 e	0.008±0.000 7 cd	nd
10	老叶OL	58.55±0.12 g	1.21±0.11 de	11.77±1.29 k	0.73±0.07 fg	0.003±0.000 3 d	0.019±0.002 2 gh
	嫩叶YL	76.43±3.29 d	1.36±0.26 de	19.87±4.69 ij	0.97±0.22 ef	0.002±0.000 1 d	0.049±0.007 0 def
11	老叶OL	29.27±0.25 jk	1.75±0.04 c	18.52±0.50 ijk	2.38±0.05 b	0.020±0.001 0 cd	0.022±0.000 5 fgh
	嫩叶YL	72.26±0.25 de	2.45±0.06 b	51.19±1.12 a	3.19±0.06 a	0.005±0.000 3 d	nd
12	老叶OL	4.44±0.21 m	1.29±0.08 de	25.59±1.43 ghi	1.60±0.08 cd	0.118±0.008 0 a	0.033±0.002 5 defg
	嫩叶YL	6.24±0.13 m	0.84±0.04 fg	21.98±1.26 hij	1.25±0.01 e	nd	0.082±0.002 5 c

表2

表3

表4

表5

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成分 compound	校准方程 calibration equition	R²	校准范围/ (mg·mL^-1) linear calibration range
橄榄苦苷oleuropein	y=687.63 x-10.877 0	0.999 1	0~2.000 0
芦丁rutin	y=1 915.30 x+2.606 3	0.998 8	0~0.200 0
木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷 luteolin-4'-O-glucoside	y=256.15 x+7.045 5	0.998 1	0~2.500 0
芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷 apigenin-7-O-glucoside	y=2 745.80 x+0.129 9	0.999 9	0~0.250 0
木犀草素luteolin	y=3 157.00 x-5.031 8	0.999 7	0~0.150 0
槲皮素quercetin	y=378 228.00 x-1.012 1	0.998 9	0~0.000 4
芹菜素apigenin	y=4 910.80 x-3.607 1	0.999 1	0~-0.025 0

品种 cltuviars	叶龄 leaf age	橄榄苦苷 oleuropein	芦丁 rutin	木犀草素-4'-O- 葡萄糖苷 luteolin-4'-O- glucoside	芹菜素-7-O- 葡萄糖苷 apigenin-7-O- glucoside	木犀草素 luteolin	槲皮素 quercetin	芹菜素 apigenin
‘皮削利’ ‘Picholine’	老叶OL	28.12±0.40 g	2.78±0.08 b	42.89±1.44 b	2.30±0.09 cd	0.003±0.001 f	0.007±0.002 5 ef	nd
	嫩叶YL	62.34±0.76 d	1.46±0.08 def	25.55±2.09 cd	2.06±0.13 d	0.022±0.003 b	0.010±0.003 5 a	nd
‘科拉蒂’ ‘Coratina’	老叶OL	34.07±0.29 f	2.11±0.02 bcd	49.99±0.50 a	2.39±0.03 bc	0.004±0.001 ef	0.002±0.000 3 f	nd
	嫩叶YL	65.40±1.42 cd	3.71±0.32 a	52.57±2.62 a	2.69±0.13 a	0.011±0.001 cde	0.014±0.005 5 ef	nd
‘阿斯’ ‘Ascolana tenera’	老叶OL	43.62±0.21 e	0.75±0.11f g	26.13±1.30 cd	1.55±0.14 efg	0.015±0.001 bc	0.018±0.000 1 e	0.043±0.004 ab
	嫩叶YL	40.74±0.12 e	0.53±0.02 g	29.51±1.41 c	2.58±0.10 ab	0.013±0.001 cd	0.007±0.000 5 ef	nd
‘鄂植’ ‘Ezhi’	老叶OL	27.30±3.63 gh	2.52±0.29 bc	49.94±3.65 a	2.07±0.01 d	0.009±0.003 def	0.007±0.002 0 ef	0.0120±0.009c
	嫩叶YL	23.83±0.09 h	4.38±0.59 a	40.12±1.32 b	1.39±0.01 efg	0.078±0.008 a	0.075±0.005 5 b	0.059±0.002 a
‘卡林’ ‘Kalinjot’	老叶OL	43.42±0.10 e	2.16±0.14 bcd	30.24±1.51 c	1.79±0.03 e	0.014±0.001 bc	0.017±0.002 0 e	nd
	嫩叶YL	94.38±0.73 a	4.02±0.12 a	29.83±1.25 c	1.64±0.01 ef	0.018±0.002 bc	0.061±0.010 0 c	0.025±0.003 bc
‘戈达尔’ ‘Gordal’	老叶OL	66.32±0.45 c	1.35±0.05 ef	38.15±2.79 b	1.60±0.04 ef	0.007±0.001 def	0.015±0.000 1 e	nd
	嫩叶YL	85.56±0.67 b	1.95±0.19 cde	20.63±0.65 d	1.29±0.02 g	0.015±0.001 bc	0.040±0.003 5 d	nd

月份 months	游离氨基酸FAAC		可溶性糖SSC		可溶性蛋白SPC
月份 months	老叶OL	嫩叶YL	老叶OL	嫩叶YL	老叶OL	嫩叶YL
1	18.57±0.64 b	12.06±0.96 def	12.89±0.19 e	16.07±0.58 d	3.29±0.14 cdefgh	3.57±0.77 bcdefg
2	17.67±0.56 b	27.25±1.31 a	9.40±0.36 gh	12.07±0.29 de	3.85±0.25 bcde	4.07±0.27 bcd
3	14.07±1.04 cd	16.16±2.14 bc	15.76±0.29 d	18.83±0.50 b	2.76±0.19 efghi	4.62±0.22 b
4	3.43±0.07 jk	2.92±0.12 k	9.08±0.28 h	8.89±0.59 h	1.43±0.06 j	2.11±0.56 hij
5	7.83±0.91 hi	8.69±0.69 gh	15.50±0.76 d	16.68±0.47 cd	5.97±0.79 a	2.87±0.21 defgh
6	5.70±0.39 ij	26.80±2.17 a	17.86±0.81 bc	21.23±1.30 a	2.34±0.41 hij	4.44±0.50 bc
7	8.70±0.25 gh	15.92±1.11 bc	7.30±0.05 i	4.11±0.77 j	2.78±0.31 efghi	2.55±0.24 fghij
8	7.72±0.58 hi	8.64±0.76 gh	11.91±0.77 de	10.09±0.37 fgh	2.49±0.37 ghij	3.05±0.35 defgh
9	11.27±0.52 efg	13.62±0.62 cde	4.28±0.07 j	4.33±0.59 j	2.09±0.09 hij	1.64±0.15 ij
10	5.07±0.27 jk	4.58±0.20 jk	6.89±0.35 i	11.02±0.45 efg	2.17±0.27 hij	3.57±0.36 bcdefg
11	8.74±0.61 gh	9.49±0.91 fgh	5.73±0.48 ij	11.21±0.42 def	2.17±0.15 hij	3.34±0.27 cdefgh
12	18.57±0.64 b	26.36±0.62 a	5.13±0.19 j	4.43±0.28 j	4.01±0.25 bcd	3.74±0.26 bcdef

品种 cultivars	游离氨基酸FAAC		可溶性糖SSC		可溶性蛋白SPC
品种 cultivars	老叶OL	嫩叶YL	老叶OL	嫩叶YL	老叶OL	嫩叶YL
‘皮削利’‘Picholine’	19.33±0.05 f	25.95±2.47 e	9.28±0.44 e	15.87±0.76 bc	5.66±0.11 f	6.89±0.07 bcd
‘科拉蒂’‘Coratina’	27.80±1.94 de	33.37±2.32 c	15.40±0.23 bc	17.45±0.94 b	6.72±0.53 cde	5.89±0.08 ef
‘阿斯’‘Ascolana tenera’	18.94±0.98 f	34.23±1.71 c	12.24±0.45 d	5.86±0.05 f	6.80±0.05 bcd	7.67±0.35 ab
‘鄂植’‘Ezhi’	30.56±0.32 cde	32.34±0.11 cd	16.09±0.77 bc	15.63±0.36 bc	7.33±0.06 abc	6.12±0.14 def
‘卡林’‘Kalinjot’	31.15±0.53 cde	42.64±2.24 b	9.71±0.20 e	21.54±0.75 a	6.18±0.42 def	8.15±0.45 a
‘戈达尔’‘Gordal’	33.45±0.66 c	47.67±3.13 a	14.10±0.79 cd	8.34±0.48 e	7.10±0.02 bc	7.34±0.09 abc

凉山油橄榄主栽品种叶中营养物质和酚类含量的季节性变化

Seasonal variations of the nutrients and phenols from olive leaves in main cultivation varieties at Liangshan, Sichuan Province

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