雌、雄株和金叶银杏光合生理及黄酮成分年动态变化研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112011

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 77-86.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112011

所属专题：中国特有孑遗树种银杏雌雄株发育生理机制

• 专题报道Ⅱ：中国特有孑遗树种银杏雌雄株发育生理机制（执行主编　方升佐） • 上一篇下一篇

雌、雄株和金叶银杏光合生理及黄酮成分年动态变化研究

叶威(), 李强, 陈颖(), 胡菲, 胡宇辰, 吴琴霞, 曹福亮

南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2021-12-06 修回日期:2022-01-07 出版日期:2022-07-30 发布日期:2022-08-01
通讯作者: 陈颖
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0601301);国家自然科学基金项目(31770674);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Annual dynamic changes in photosynthetic physiology and flavonoid components in female, male and golden-leaf Ginkgo biloba trees

YE Wei(), LI Qiang, CHEN Ying(), HU Fei, HU Yuchen, WU Qinxia, CAO Fuliang

Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China

Received:2021-12-06 Revised:2022-01-07 Online:2022-07-30 Published:2022-08-01
Contact: CHEN Ying

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为了解黄酮类化合物在银杏叶片中的合成代谢规律,确定银杏合适采摘期,以及选育优良的银杏品种,探讨了雌、雄株和金叶(芽变品种)银杏叶片光合生理与黄酮含量的周年变化及相关性。【方法】以银杏种质资源圃的雌株、雄株及嫁接的金叶银杏为材料,对4—11月银杏的光合色素、叶绿素荧光参数、黄酮成分及含量间的变化进行了研究。【结果】在整个叶片生长周年动态变化中,雄株银杏的含水量低于雌株和金叶银杏,特别是在6—9月夏季高温时期的差异更显著;雌株银杏的含水量、相对叶面积、叶绿素含量都大于雄株与金叶银杏,特别是在5—8月,但雄株与金叶银杏的相对叶面积增加速度较快;雌株银杏的光化学淬灭系数(qP) 及非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)高于雄株和金叶银杏,雌株具有更强的抗氧化能力。银杏叶中黄酮苷含量及总黄酮含量的高点分别出现在4—5月和9月,各银杏叶总黄酮的含量依次为金叶银杏>雄株>雌株;雄株的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素与槲皮素之间,雌株的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素与总黄酮之间都存在极显著正相关。金叶银杏叶色在4—6月为金黄色,其叶绿素含量均比雄株、雌株银杏低,7月转绿后与雌株和雄株差异不大,其光合、黄酮代谢的变化更接近于雄株,且其黄酮合成的能力高于雄株及雌株。【结论】银杏叶的最佳采收期在9月,雄株和金叶银杏更适用于叶用林的培育,雌株的抗逆性高于雄株与金叶银杏,金叶银杏既有观赏价值,又有优良的经济性状,因而具有良好的开发利用前景。

关键词: 银杏, 雌、雄株, 金叶银杏, 黄酮成分, 周年变化, 光合生理, 采摘期

Abstract:

【Objective】 The annual variations and the correlation between the photosynthetic properties and flavonoids content in the leaves of female, male and golden-leaf (varieties of bud mutation) Ginkgo biloba were investigated to provide a references for the selection and breeding of robust G. biloba species, promotion of new varieties, and cultivation seedlings for harvesting leaves. 【Method】 Changes in photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and flavonoid composition and content from April to November were studied in the leaves of female, male and grafted golden-leaf G. biloba trees. 【Result】 During the entire year, the water content in male trees was lower than that in female and golden-leaf trees in three G. biloba species, especially during the high-temperature summer period from June to September. Although the water content, relative leaf area and chlorophyll content in the male and golden-leaf G. biloba trees were lower than those in female trees, especially from May to August, their relative leaf area increased faster than the female trees. Furthermore, although the photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) coefficients were higher in the female trees than those in the male or golden-leaf tree, the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v'/F_m') was lower in the female trees than that in the male and gold leaf tree. The annual variations in three flavonoid glycosides such as quercetin and total flavonoid contents in three G. biloba species revealed two high points, one in April to May and another in September. The highest level of the total flavonoid content in leaves was observed in September, and the total flavonoid content in the three tree species was in the following order: golden-leaf > male > female. The chlorophyll, carotene and quercetin contents in male trees were positively correlated with each other; however, a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll a, carotene, and total flavonoids was found in the female trees. The golden-leaf tree leaves maintained a golden yellow color from April to June owing to the lower chlorophyll content than their male and female counterparts during this period. However, their leaves changed from yellow to green after July, and their photosynthetic, flavonoid changes were closer to those of the male trees. Furthermore, the flavonoid content in golden-leaf trees was higher than that in the male and female trees. 【Conclusion】 The best harvesting stage for ginkgo leaves was in September in the Nanjing region of China; male and golden-leaf trees exhibited greater conduciveness to the cultivation of leaf-using forest; and the female trees exhibited higher stress resistance than male and golden-leaf trees. Golden-leaf G. biloba tree has an ornamental value and excellent economic characteristics, which makes it worth developing and utilizing vigorously in the future.

Key words: Ginkgo biloba, male and female tree, golden-leaf Ginkgo biloba tree, flavonoid component, annual variation, photosynthetic physiology, harvesting stage

中图分类号:

S722
Q945

叶威,李强,陈颖,等. 雌、雄株和金叶银杏光合生理及黄酮成分年动态变化研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(4): 77-86.

YE Wei, LI Qiang, CHEN Ying, HU Fei, HU Yuchen, WU Qinxia, CAO Fuliang. Annual dynamic changes in photosynthetic physiology and flavonoid components in female, male and golden-leaf Ginkgo biloba trees[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(4): 77-86.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112011.

图/表 7

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

银杏叶各指标间的相关性分析"

指标 indicator	种类 species	叶绿素a Chla	叶绿素b Chlb	总叶绿素 Cht(a+b)	类胡萝卜素 Car	槲皮素 Que	山柰酚 Kam	异鼠李素 Iso	总黄酮 total fa	F_v/F_m	F_v'/F_m'	光化学淬灭系数 qP	非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ	含水率 WC
	雌株	1.00
Chla	雄株	1.00
	金叶	1.00
	雌株	0.86^**	1.00
Chlb	雄株	0.98^**	1.00
	金叶	0.98^**	1.00
	雌株	0.97^**	0.89^**	1.00
Chl(a+b)	雄株	0.99^**	0.99^**	1.00
	金叶	0.99^**	0.99^**	1.00
	雌株	0.51^**	0.31	0.35^*	1.00
Car	雄株	0.84^**	0.80^**	0.83^**	1.00
	金叶	0.61^**	0.50^**	0.58^**	1.00
槲皮素 Que	雌株	0.39^*	0.29	0.30	0.69^**	1.00
	雄株	0.39^*	0.40^*	0.39^*	0.26	1.00
	金叶	-0.09	-0.12	-0.10	-0.36^*	1.00
山柰酚 Kam	雌株	-0.11	-0.38^*	-0.13	0.09	0.27	1.00
	雄株	-0.63^**	-0.59^**	-0.62^**	-0.58^**	-0.19	1.00
	金叶	0.26	0.371^*	0.29	-0.32	0.59^**	1.00
异鼠李素 Iso	雌株	0.23	0.01	0.17	0.11	0.13	0.64^**	1.00
	雄株	-0.08	-0.02	-0.06	-0.08	0.58^**	0.48^**	1.00
	金叶	0.06	0.19	0.10	-0.43^*	0.42^*	0.80^**	1.00
总黄酮 total fa	雌株	0.30	0.05	0.23	0.51^**	0.77^**	0.78^**	0.60^**	1.00
	雄株	-0.25	-0.19	-0.23	-0.27	0.50^**	0.73^**	0.89^**	1.00
	金叶	0.10	0.20	0.13	-0.43^*	0.72^**	0.93^**	0.88^**	1.00
	雌株	0.36^*	0.41^*	0.47^**	-0.45*	0.00	-0.12	0.04	0.03	1.00
F_v/F_m	雄株	0.34	0.43^*	0.37^*	-0.02	0.10	0.11	0.35^*	0.24	1.00
	金叶	0.51^**	0.53^**	0.52^**	0.46^*	-0.41^*	0.09	0.17	-0.02	1.00
	雌株	0.34^*	0.50^*	0.50^*	-0.57^**	-0.28^**	-0.19^**	-0.04	-0.20	-0.83^**	1.00
F_v'/F_m'	雄株	0.41^*	0.36^*	0.39^*	0.57^**	0.50^**	-0.63^**	-0.09	-0.22	-0.52^**	1.00
	金叶	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.36^*	-0.68^**	-0.47^*	-0.22	-0.49^**	0.53^**	1.00
	雌株	-0.15	-0.24	-0.31	0.72^**	0.48^**	0.10	-0.10	0.28	-0.74^**	-0.94^**	1.00
qP	雄株	-0.12	-0.20	-0.15	0.05	0.09	-0.45^*	-0.45^*	-0.41^*	-0.83^**	0.71^**	1.00
	金叶	-0.05	-0.15	-0.08	-0.13	0.64^**	-0.03	-0.27	0.07	-0.73^**	-0.50^**	1.00
	雌株	0.12	-0.14	-0.03	0.78^**	0.54^**	0.39^*	0.15	0.58^**	-0.49^**	-0.72^**	0.75^**	1.00
NPQ	雄株	-0.10	-0.18	-0.13	-0.18	0.15	-0.42^*	-0.46^*	-0.37^*	-0.46^*	0.36^*	0.75^**	1.00
	金叶	0.39^*	0.43^*	0.40^*	0.05	0.31	0.69^**	0.47^*	0.56^**	0.41^*	-0.53^**	-0.24	1.00
含水率 WC	雌株	0.70^**	0.48^**	0.62^**	0.74^**	0.75^**	0.47^**	0.52^**	0.83^**	-0.01	-0.14	0.30	0.55^**	1.00
	雄株	0.65^**	0.62^**	0.64^**	0.57^**	0.70^**	-0.75^**	0.00	-0.17	-0.09	0.73^**	0.41^*	0.47^*	1.00
	金叶	0.28	0.13	0.24	0.37^*	0.22	-0.37^*	-0.26	-0.21	-0.10	0.13	0.55^**	-0.31	1.00

表2

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日期(月-日) date (month-day)	雌株female		雄株male		金叶银杏golden-leaf
日期(月-日) date (month-day)	叶面积/mm² leaf area	增加倍数 increase folds	叶面积/mm² leaf area	增加倍数 increase folds	叶面积/mm² leaf area	增加倍数 increase folds
04-10	728.3±35.8 e	1.00	556.7±24.3 h	1.00	511.4±61.4 f	1.00
04-17	1 805.6±204.8 d	1.48	1 490.2±105.6 g	1.68	1 320.3±35.1 e	1.58
04-24	2 177.1±216.5 d	1.99	2 101.8±531.2 f	2.78	2 027.3±216.5 d	2.96
04-30	2 711.7±126.7 c	2.72	2 428.4±157.4 ef	3.36	2 693.1±309.6 c	4.27
05-15	2 730.5±417.0 c	2.75	2 769.9±336.3 de	3.98	2 694.3±179.1 c	4.27
06-15	2 837.6±204.1 c	2.90	2 858.2±119.3 bcde	4.13	3 234.3±348.0 abc	5.32
07-15	2 871.0±114.2 c	2.94	2 922.7±252.0 bcd	4.25	3 305.7±411.3 ab	5.46
08-15	3 043.7±586.9 bc	3.18	3 355.8±272.5 ab	5.03	3 311.6±387.4 ab	5.48
09-15	3 549.6±411.3 ab	3.87	3 434.3±193.6 a	5.17	3 421.4±475.3 a	5.69
10-15	3 771.6±330.4 a	4.18	3 578.9±130.1 a	5.43	3 468.0±426.2 a	5.78
11-15	3 494.7±156.6 a	3.80	3 277.9±142.9 abc	4.89	2 781.7±261.4 bc	4.44

雌、雄株和金叶银杏光合生理及黄酮成分年动态变化研究

Annual dynamic changes in photosynthetic physiology and flavonoid components in female, male and golden-leaf Ginkgo biloba trees

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