昆虫作为变温动物类群,极易遭受高温胁迫的影响。研究高温胁迫对植食性昆虫的影响,可为气候变暖背景下农林害虫的种群动态监测及地理适生区预测提供重要理论依据。笔者从植食性昆虫个体、种间互作关系、种群及群落3个层面,综述了高温胁迫对植食性昆虫影响的国内外进展。研究发现,高温胁迫会对植食性昆虫个体的生长发育、繁殖及生理生化带来负面效应,但昆虫自身也会进化出一系列基于形态、行为及基因表达的热胁迫响应机制。高温胁迫对寄主植物、天敌、共生微生物的影响也能够通过种间互作传递给植食性昆虫,并导致寄主植物-植食性昆虫-天敌3级营养关系发生变化。同时,高温胁迫还能通过影响昆虫个体及种间关系,间接影响昆虫的种群动态、种群多样性及其生态功能,并可能导致植食性昆虫的种群大爆发或衰退。最后,笔者认为此领域未来研究方向为:在个体层面上,应优化高温胁迫处理方式并综合考虑干旱和降水等环境因子,开展农林害虫种群的长期野外监测,应注重高温胁迫对昆虫参与生长发育繁殖功能基因的影响;在种间关系层面上,应关注高温胁迫对昆虫关联的复杂多样的食物网及互作体系的影响;此外,应结合高温胁迫对不同昆虫种类自身生理特性和行为模式的影响,阐明温度升高对昆虫群落的影响。

Insects, as a group of ectotherm animals, are extraordinarily susceptible to heat stress. Exploring the effects of heat stress on herbivorous insects can provide an important theoretical basis for monitoring the population dynamics of agricultural and forestry insect pests and predicting potential changes in their geographical distributions under the background of climate warming. From the aspects of individuals, interspecific interaction, populations and communities, we reviewed the research progress of the impacts of heat stress on herbivorous insects. Heat stress has negative effects on the growth, development, reproduction, physiology and biochemistry of herbivorous insects, which has evolved a series of strategies responding to heat stress by modifying morphology, behavior and related gene expression. The effects of heat stress on host plants, natural enemies and symbiotic microorganisms can also be transmitted to herbivorous insects through interspecific interactions, resulting in changes in the tertiary trophic relationships among host plants, herbivorous insects and natural enemies. Meanwhile, heat stress can also indirectly affect herbivorous insects’ population dynamics as well as their diversities and ecological functions in the natural communities, by influencing insect individuals and their interspecific interactions with other organisms, which may lead to large outbreaks or declines in the populations of herbivorous insects. Finally, the future research directions in this field are as follows: from the individual perspective, the treatment mode of high-temperature stress should be optimized, and environmental factors such as drought and precipitation should be comprehensively considered; long-term field monitoring of agricultural and forestry pest populations should be performed, and the influence of high temperature stress on the genes of insect participation in growth, development, and reproduction should be studied; at the interspecific relationship level, attention should be paid to the effects of high temperature stress on the complex and diverse food webs or intercroprising systems associated with insects; in addition, the effects of high temperature stress on the physiological characteristics and behavioral patterns of various insect species should be combined to determine the effects of elevated temperatures on insect communities.