油松容器苗和裸根苗生长与造林效果对秋季施肥的响应

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105015

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 136-144.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105015

油松容器苗和裸根苗生长与造林效果对秋季施肥的响应

叶可可¹(), 李庆梅¹, 祝燕¹^,^*(), 闫晶晶¹, 张子晗¹, 冯赛¹, 杨晓辉²

1.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,北京 100091
2.河北省平泉市黄土梁子镇人民政府,河北承德 067506

收稿日期:2021-05-10 接受日期:2021-12-17 出版日期:2023-01-30 发布日期:2023-02-01
通讯作者: 祝燕
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2014QA002);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2020SY003);中国林业科学研究院林业研究所林木培育重点实验室专项资金项目(ZDRIF201701)

Responses of growth and afforestation performance of Pinus tabuliformis container and bareroot seedlings to fall fertilization

YE Keke¹(), LI Qingmei¹, ZHU Yan¹^,^*(), YAN Jingjing¹, ZHANG Zihan¹, FENG Sai¹, YANG Xiaohui²

1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2. People’s Government of Huangtuliangzi Town, Pingquan City, Hebei Province, Chengde 067506, China

Received:2021-05-10 Accepted:2021-12-17 Online:2023-01-30 Published:2023-02-01
Contact: ZHU Yan

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 探究不同秋季施肥处理条件下油松容器苗和裸根苗苗期生长、养分积累和造林效果的差异,为生产上培育油松良种壮苗提供理论基础和技术支持。【方法】 以大田培育的当年生油松播种容器苗和裸根苗为研究对象,设置0(对照)、12、24、36 mg/株4种秋季施肥水平,于90%以上苗木形成顶芽后进行施肥处理,并于翌年进行雨季造林试验。测定造林前的苗高、地径、生物量、根冠比、养分含量及造林后苗木成活率和苗高、地径相对生长量等指标,分析出圃苗木性状与造林效果之间的相关性。【结果】 秋季施肥24 mg/株处理下的油松容器苗苗高、地径、生物量、氮、磷、钾含量均表现最佳,该处理下容器苗整株生物量、氮、磷、钾含量较对照分别增加了41.8%、31.4%、65.6%和48.8%;油松裸根苗受秋季施肥影响较小。容器苗氮含量在各器官中的分布从大到小表现为根>叶>茎,裸根苗氮含量在各器官中的分布从大到小表现为叶>根>茎;磷、钾含量在容器苗和裸根苗各器官中的分布从大到小均表现为叶>根>茎。雨季造林试验结果显示,油松造林效果受苗木类型影响显著,容器苗造林当年和第2年春季的苗高、地径相对生长量均显著高于裸根苗,且容器苗造林第2年春季成活率显著高于裸根苗。油松造林第2年春季苗高相对生长量受秋季施肥影响显著,在24 mg/株秋季施肥处理下最高。油松造林成活率及苗高、地径相对生长量与造林初期的苗木根生物量、根冠比、根氮、根磷、根钾、茎磷含量显著相关。【结论】 秋季施肥24 mg/株有利于提高油松容器苗形态生长和养分积累,1年生油松容器苗造林成活率和后期生长状况明显优于裸根苗。

关键词: 秋季施肥, 油松, 苗木类型, 养分贮藏, 造林效果

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aims of this research were to examine the responses of container and bareroot Pinus tabuliformis seedlings to nursery fall fertilization supplements and assess their subsequent two-year field performance. This study was conducted to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the cultivation of high-quality P. tabuliformis seedlings. 【Method】 Fall fertilization was applied when the terminal bud ratio reached 90% of the total seedlings. P. tabuliformis container seedlings and bareroot seedlings were supplied with fertigation (i.e., irrigation with soluble fertilizer) at 0 (control), 12, 24, and 36 mg/plant. The effects of fall fertilization on growth and afforestation performance were then tracked and analyzed over two-year using the following cirteria seedling height, root-collar diameter(RCD) and nutrient content, etc. 【Result】 The height, RCD, biomass, N content, P content and K content of container seedlings with 24 mg/plant were higher than those of the other doses. In addition, the total biomass, N content, P content and K content were significantly increased by 41.8%, 31.4%, 65.6% and 48.8%, respectively, compared to those of the control seedlings, whereas the bareroot seedlings were less affected by fall fertilization. The distribution of N content in the organs of container seedlings was root > needle > stem, whereas that in the bareroot seedlings was needle>root>stem. The distribution of P and K contents in the organs of container and bareroot seedlings exhibited the same order: needle>root>stem. The results of the rainy season afforestation test showed that the rate of afforestration was significantly affected by the seedling type. Compared with the bareroot seedlings, the relative growth in the height and RCD of container seedlings were significantly higher in the first year of outplanting and the following spring, and the survival rate of container seedlings in the following spring was similar to the pattern observed for the relative RCD. The relative growth in height in the second year spring was significantly affected by fall fertilization, and fall fertilization at 24 mg/plant yielded the highest value. The afforestation survival rate, relative growth of height, and RCD of seedlings were closely related to seedling root biomass, root shoot ratio, root N content, root P content, root K content and stem P content in the initial stage of afforestation. 【Conclusion】 Fall fertilization at 24 mg/plant was best for optimizing the morphological growth and nutrient accumulation of P. tabuliformis container seedlings. The survival rate and growth of 1-year-old P. tabuliformis container seedlings were significantly greater than those of the bareroot seedlings.

Key words: fall fertilization, Pinus tabuliformis, stock type, nutrient storage, afforestation performance

中图分类号:

S723

叶可可,李庆梅,祝燕,等. 油松容器苗和裸根苗生长与造林效果对秋季施肥的响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(1): 136-144.

YE Keke, LI Qingmei, ZHU Yan, YAN Jingjing, ZHANG Zihan, FENG Sai, YANG Xiaohui. Responses of growth and afforestation performance of Pinus tabuliformis container and bareroot seedlings to fall fertilization[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(1): 136-144.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105015.

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土层深度/cm soil layer depth	颗粒物组成/% soil particle composition			含量 content					pH
土层深度/cm soil layer depth	砂粒 sand	粉粒 powder	黏粒 clay	有机质/ (g·kg^-1) organic matter	全氮/ (g·kg^-1) total N	碱解氮/ (mg·kg^-1) alkali- hydrolyzable N	有效磷/ (mg·kg^-1) available P	速效钾/ (mg·kg^-1) available K	pH
0~15	79.04	10.67	10.29	12.44	1.09	15.16	4.13	71.88	8.11
≥15~30	80.38	9.00	10.62	9.97	0.93	11.20	2.06	48.73	8.28
≥30~45	81.71	8.67	9.62	9.05	0.91	11.02	5.97	49.74	8.31
容器苗土壤 container seedling soil	76.71	11.67	11.63	10.02	1.09	20.42	5.23	73.89	8.03

施肥量/ (mg·株^-1) fertilizer addition	苗高/cm height		地径/mm root-collar diameter
施肥量/ (mg·株^-1) fertilizer addition	R	L	R	L
0	8.63±0.64 a	9.50±1.01 a	3.13±0.08 a	3.34±0.28 a
12	8.90±0.81 a	9.20±1.00 a	3.09±0.11 a	3.32±0.17 a
24	9.87±0.43 a	10.03±0.72 a	3.24±0.07 a	3.45±0.21 a
36	6.73±0.27 b	10.57±1.73 a	3.06±0.15 a	3.22±0.08 a

差异来源 sources of variation	水平 level	成活率/% survival rate		苗高相对生长量/% relative growth of height		地径相对生长量/% relative growth of root-collar diameter
差异来源 sources of variation	水平 level	T1	T2	T1	T2	T1	T2
苗木类型 seedling type	R	96.18±2.13 a	89.91±2.41 a	10.32±1.48 a	40.04±3.20 a	24.18±1.51 a	39.55±2.85 a
	L	85.83±4.68 a	65.00±7.33 b	4.75±0.85 b	16.66±1.91 b	16.22±1.41 b	29.36±2.63 b
	P	0.051	0.005	0.002	<0.001	0.003	0.026
施肥量 fertilizer addition	0	84.82±6.68 a	65.88±10.59 a	8.45±1.93 a	27.97±6.05 ab	20.45±2.78 a	33.10±4.37 a
	12	87.96±6.64 a	77.55±9.70 a	8.79±2.65 a	32.84±7.76 a	20.90±2.17 a	37.32±4.15 a
	24	100.00±0 a	88.33±9.80 a	7.81±2.29 a	32.54±6.11 a	21.46±3.04 a	37.49±5.44 a
	36	91.25±4.82 a	78.06±5.78 a	5.09±1.17 a	20.07±3.87 b	17.98±2.89 a	29.91±3.60 a
	P	0.192	0.259	0.314	0.049	0.728	0.527
苗木类型×施肥量 seedling type × fertilizer addition	P	0.450	0.485	0.055	0.523	0.971	0.834

相关性状 correlation factor	造林效果afforestation performance
	成活率 survival rate		苗高相对生长量 relative growth of height		地径相对生长量 relative growth of root-collar diameter
	T1	T2	T1	T2	T1	T2
苗高height	0.171	0.015	-0.004	-0.176	-0.174	-0.094
地径root-collar diameter	0.147	0.157	-0.367	-0.252	-0.460^*	-0.142
根生物量root biomass	0.469^*	0.566^**	0.341	0.548^**	0.323	0.459^*
茎生物量stem biomass	0.015	-0.108	-0.140	-0.244	-0.294	-0.035
叶生物量needle biomass	-0.042	-0.268	-0.235	-0.399	-0.397	-0.175
根冠比root shoot ratio	0.345	0.489^*	0.187	0.474^*	0.396	0.271
根氮含量root N content	0.447^*	0.497^*	0.246	0.528^**	0.246	0.385
茎氮含量stem N content	0.257	0.285	0.197	0.188	0.096	0.236
叶氮含量needle N content	-0.103	-0.305	-0.160	-0.262	-0.335	-0.082
根磷含量root P content	0.460^*	0.500^*	0.111	0.416^*	0.234	0.293
茎磷含量stem P content	0.435^*	0.344	0.410^*	0.517^**	0.342	0.392
叶磷含量needle P content	-0.127	-0.253	-0.202	-0.379	-0.421^*	-0.147
根钾含量root K content	0.511^*	0.586^**	0.325	0.577^**	0.405^*	0.470^*
茎钾含量stem K content	-0.150	-0.210	-0.221	-0.232	-0.330	-0.124
叶钾含量needle K content	0.048	-0.134	-0.166	-0.310	-0.363	-0.124

油松容器苗和裸根苗生长与造林效果对秋季施肥的响应

Responses of growth and afforestation performance of Pinus tabuliformis container and bareroot seedlings to fall fertilization

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