两地点8年生柏木生长性状家系变异及选择

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111032

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 42-48.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111032

两地点8年生柏木生长性状家系变异及选择

王文月¹(), 张振¹^,^*(), 金国庆¹, 孙林山², 邱勇斌³, 周志春¹, 杨涛¹

1.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江省林木育种技术研究重点实验室,浙江杭州 311400
2.湖北省太子山林场管理局,湖北京山 431822
3.浙江省开化林场,浙江开化 324300

收稿日期:2021-11-19 修回日期:2022-05-12 出版日期:2023-03-30 发布日期:2023-03-28
通讯作者: * 张振(zhenzh19860516@163.com),副研究员。
基金资助:
“十四五”浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C002070-8);浙江省中央财政林业科技推广示范项目([2020]TS06)

Family variation and selection of growth traits of eight-year-old Cupressus funebris in two sites

WANG Wenyue¹(), ZHANG Zhen¹^,^*(), JIN Guoqing¹, SUN Linshan², QIU Yongbin³, ZHOU Zhichun¹, YANG Tao¹

1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
2. Taizi Mountain Forest Farm Administration of Hubei Province, Jingshan 431822, China
3. Kaihua Forest Farm of Zhejiang Province, Kaihua 324300, China

Received:2021-11-19 Revised:2022-05-12 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】揭示柏木生长性状的遗传变异规律,为高阶遗传改良筛选优良种质,选择优良家系,及其区域推广奠定基础。【方法】以营建在浙江省开化县林场(KH)和湖北省太子山林场(TZS)两个试验点的8年生柏木优树子代家系为材料,分析其生长性状的遗传变异,估算其育种值、遗传力等参数。【结果】柏木生长性状(树高、胸径和材积)的遗传变异系数为3.08%~13.93%,其中材积的变异最大。子代家系的树高、胸径和材积在地点间差异显著,TZS点的单株材积高于KH点315.79%,且家系与地点间的交互效应显著。胸径、树高和材积具有显著的家系效应,KH和TZS试验点的家系遗传力变幅分别为0.42~0.61和0.58~0.74。KH和TZS试验点分别以单株材积育种值大于CK的10%和45%为标准,各选出6个优良家系,现实增益分别为33.51%和67.95%。利用独立淘汰法,在KH点和TZS点各筛选优良单株17和12株,材积的遗传增益分别为41.38%和40.92%。【结论】8 年生柏木优树子代家系生长性状具有较大的遗传改良潜力,但家系与环境的互作效应显著;通过子代家系的遗传评价有助于种子园建园亲本的再选择和现有种子园的留优去劣疏伐,同时,选择的优良种质可作为高阶遗传改良的育种亲本。

关键词: 柏木, 优良家系, 遗传变异, 遗传增益

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aims of this research is to reveal the genetic variation rules of Cupressus funebris growth traits, select the most suitable germplasm for the advanced genetic improvement, and select the most suitable families for regional promotion. 【Method】 For this study, eight-year-old half-sib families of C. funebris grown in the KH and TZS experimental sites were used, the genetic variations of growth traits were analyzed, and the breeding value and heritability were estimated. 【Result】 The genetic variation coefficients of C. funebris growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume) ranged from 3.08%-13.93%, and the variation of volume was the greatest. The tree height, diameter at breast height, and volume of progeny families varied significantly among locations. The individual tree volume at TZS was 315.79% higher than that at KH, and the interaction between families and locations was significant. The tree height, DBH and volume have significant effects on the family. The range of heritability in the KH and TZS test sites was 0.42-0.61 and 0.58-0.74, respectively. Six complementary families were selected from the KH and TZS test sites based on the standard of breeding value per plant volume greater than 10% and 45% of CK, respectively, and the actual gains were 33.51% and 67.95%, respectively. Using the independent elimination method, 17 and 12 individual plus trees were screened at the KH and TZS sites respectively, and the genetic gains of volume were 41.38% and 40.92%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The growth traits of the eight-year-old half-sib families of C. funebris have great potential for the genetic improvement, but the interaction effect between the family and the environment was significant. The genetic evaluation of the half-sib families was helpful for the re-selection of the parents for the establishment of the seed orchards and the thinning of the existing seed orchards. At the same time, the selected optimum germplasm can be used as breeding parents for high-order genetic improvement.

Key words: Cupressus funebris, complementary family, genetic variation, genetic gain

中图分类号:

S722.5

王文月,张振,金国庆,等. 两地点8年生柏木生长性状家系变异及选择[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(2): 42-48.

WANG Wenyue, ZHANG Zhen, JIN Guoqing, SUN Linshan, QIU Yongbin, ZHOU Zhichun, YANG Tao. Family variation and selection of growth traits of eight-year-old Cupressus funebris in two sites[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(2): 42-48.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111032.

图/表 9

表1

表2

表3

表4

柏木参试家系生长性状的单点方差分析"

地点 site	变异来源 source of variation	df	均方 mean square
地点 site	变异来源 source of variation	df	胸径 DBH	树高 tree height	材积 volume
	家系family	27	1.58^**	2.03^**	0.49×10^-5**
开化KH	区组block	4	4.55^**	4.57^**	0.87×10^-5**
	家系×区组 family×block	102	1.07^**	1.04^*	0.34×10^-5**
	剩余residue	611	0.62	0.64	0.19×10^-4
	家系family	27	9.47^**	1.22^**	0.51×10^-4**
太子山TZS	区组block	4	12.18^**	2.25^**	0.74×10^-4**
	家系×区组 family×block	101	2.38^*	0.66^**	0.15×1 $0 - 4 *$
	剩余residue	948	1.94	0.33	0.19×10^-4

表4

表5

表6

各试验点柏木参试家系生长性状的遗传力"

地点 site	性状 trait	方差分量variance component				$h s 2$	$h f 2$	$h s 2$ / $h f 2$
地点 site	性状 trait	$σ F 2$	$σ F S 2$	$σ F B 2$	$σ E 2$	$h s 2$	$h f 2$	$h s 2$ / $h f 2$
	胸径DBH	0.021	—	0.031	0.621	0.13	0.42	0.31
开化KH	树高height	0.043	—	0.020	0.637	0.25	0.61	0.41
	材积volume	7.01×10^-8	—	4.8×10^-8	1.9×10^-8	0.14	0.46	0.30
	胸径DBH	0.196	—	0.045	1.941	0.30	0.58	0.52
太子山TZS	树高height	0.017	—	0.066	0.327	0.21	0.64	0.33
	材积volume	1.05×10^-8	—	2.79×10^-8	1.19×10^-8	0.32	0.74	0.43
	胸径DBH	0.039	0.090	0.025	1.447	0.10	0.39	0.26
联合joint	树高height	0.009	0.027	0.022	0.490	0.06	0.30	0.20
	材积volume	2.00×10^-7	4.42×10^-7	1.61×10^-7	8.02×10^-6	0.09	0.39	0.23

表6

表7

各试验点柏木参试家系生长表现和育种值"

家系号 family No.	开化KH						太子山TZS
	胸径/cm DBH		树高/m tree height		材积/m³ volume		胸径/cm DBH		树高/m tree height		材积/m³ volume
	表型值 phenotypic value	育种值 breeding value	表型值 phenotypic value	育种值 breeding value	表型值 phenotypic value	育种值 breeding value	表型值 phenotypic value	育种值 breeding value	表型值 phenotypic value	育种值 breeding value	表型值 phenotypic value	育种值 breeding value
2	3.31	3.09	4.84	4.65	0.002 88	0.002 50	5.70	5.81	4.17	4.20	0.006 94	0.007 16
24	3.13	2.98	4.70	4.55	0.002 81	0.002 46	6.93	6.79	4.87	4.71	0.010 92	0.010 22
28	3.00	2.91	4.64	4.51	0.002 43	0.002 22	5.43	5.60	4.05	4.12	0.005 95	0.006 40
3	3.00	2.90	4.45	4.38	0.002 27	0.002 13	5.37	5.54	3.95	4.04	0.005 99	0.006 43
12	3.10	2.96	4.10	4.14	0.002 25	0.002 11	5.72	5.83	3.94	4.04	0.006 45	0.006 79
25	2.97	2.89	4.30	4.28	0.002 18	0.002 07	6.06	6.10	4.20	4.22	0.007 84	0.007 85
5	2.67	2.71	4.20	4.21	0.002 00	0.001 96	5.86	5.94	4.21	4.23	0.007 01	0.007 22
17	2.72	2.73	4.60	4.48	0.002 00	0.001 96	5.43	5.59	4.38	4.36	0.006 54	0.006 85
27	2.81	2.79	4.31	4.28	0.001 95	0.001 93	6.00	6.05	4.53	4.47	0.008 00	0.007 97
9	2.80	2.78	4.26	4.25	0.001 93	0.001 92	5.65	5.77	4.36	4.34	0.006 98	0.007 19
4	2.68	2.71	4.28	4.26	0.001 87	0.001 88	4.96	5.22	3.94	4.04	0.004 99	0.005 67
19	2.75	2.76	4.18	4.19	0.001 86	0.001 88	5.56	5.70	4.15	4.19	0.006 51	0.006 84
26	2.66	2.70	4.30	4.28	0.001 82	0.001 85	5.62	5.75	4.34	4.33	0.006 98	0.007 20
1(CK)	2.77	2.76	4.26	4.25	0.001 82	0.001 85	4.41	4.79	3.93	4.02	0.004 19	0.005 05
16	2.74	2.75	4.15	4.17	0.001 76	0.001 81	6.01	6.06	4.22	4.24	0.007 50	0.007 59
13	2.70	2.72	4.04	4.10	0.001 75	0.001 81	5.55	5.69	4.17	4.20	0.006 16	0.006 57
8	2.77	2.76	3.83	3.95	0.001 74	0.001 80	4.81	5.10	4.03	4.10	0.004 92	0.005 62
23	2.50	2.60	4.06	4.11	0.001 62	0.001 73	5.69	5.81	4.36	4.34	0.006 91	0.007 14
14	2.61	2.67	4.00	4.07	0.001 60	0.001 72	6.11	6.13	4.11	4.16	0.007 62	0.007 68
21	2.50	2.60	4.25	4.24	0.001 50	0.001 66	5.54	5.68	4.08	4.14	0.006 38	0.006 73
18	2.43	2.56	4.06	4.11	0.001 41	0.001 60	6.60	6.53	4.26	4.27	0.009 01	0.008 75
6	2.51	2.61	3.88	3.99	0.001 39	0.001 59	4.40	4.78	3.72	3.88	0.003 89	0.004 82
7	2.41	2.55	3.97	4.05	0.001 37	0.001 58	5.03	5.28	3.88	3.99	0.005 37	0.005 96
15	2.45	2.57	3.83	3.96	0.001 35	0.001 56	5.77	5.87	4.17	4.20	0.006 70	0.006 98
11	2.47	2.59	3.94	4.03	0.001 33	0.001 55	5.36	5.54	4.09	4.14	0.006 06	0.006 49
20	2.47	2.59	3.89	4.00	0.001 27	0.001 51	5.44	5.61	4.22	4.24	0.006 42	0.006 76
10	2.37	2.52	3.76	3.91	0.001 26	0.001 51	4.73	5.04	4.01	4.09	0.004 93	0.005 62
22	2.29	2.47	3.83	3.96	0.001 09	0.001 40	5.65	5.77	4.13	4.17	0.006 57	0.006 88

表7

图1

图2

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家系编号 family No.	优树 superior tree	家系编号 family No.	优树 superior tree	家系编号 family No.	优树 superior tree	家系编号 family No.	优树 superior tree
1	CK	8	龙2	15	叶13	22	叶9
2	金1	9	龙3	16	叶14	23	忠石01
3	金2	10	威1	17	叶2	24	忠石04
4	金3	11	威3	18	叶4	25	忠石05
5	金4	12	叶1	19	叶6	26	忠石07
6	金6	13	叶11	20	叶7	27	梓1
7	姥5	14	叶12	21	叶8	28	梓3

地点 site	北纬(N) latitude	东经(E) longitude	海拔/m altitude	年均温/℃ average annual temperature	7月均温/℃ average temperature in July	1月均温/℃ average temperature in January	绝对低温/℃ absolute low temperature	年降水量/ mm annual precipitation	无霜期/d frost-free period	日照时间/h sunshine time
开化KH	29°01'	118°24'	180~300	16.4	30.0	6.0	2.0	1 814.0	252	1 712.5
太子山TZS	31°03'	113°11'	80~120	16.3	27.7	4.8	-6.2	1 094.6	233	1 949.9

项目 item		开化KH						太子山TZS						联合jions
项目 item		胸径/cm DBH		树高/m tree height		材积/m³ volume		胸径/cm DBH		树高/m tree height		材积/m³ volume		胸径/cm DBH		树高/m tree height		材积/m³ volume
均值±标准差 mean±SD		2.76±0.85		4.23±0.88		0.001 9±0.001 5		6.24±1.40		4.29±0.37		0.007 9±0.003 5		3.84±1.78		4.18±0.74		0.004 6±0.003 7
PCV/%	32.16		20.80		78.95		22.44		8.62		44.30		46.35		17.70		80.43
GCV/%	5.26		4.92		13.93		7.10		3.08		12.95		5.14		2.24		9.72

变异来源 source of variation	df	均方 mean square
变异来源 source of variation	df	胸径 DBH	树高 tree height	材积 volume
地点sites	1	2 825.04^**	0.09^**	0.77×10^-2**
家系family	27	4.70^*	2.01^*	0.24×10^-4**
区组(地点) block(sites)	8	8.37^**	3.41^**	0.42×10^-4**
家系×地点family×sites	27	3.96^**	1.22^**	0.9×10^-5**
剩余residue	1 559	1.42	0.45	0.80×10^-5

两地点8年生柏木生长性状家系变异及选择

Family variation and selection of growth traits of eight-year-old Cupressus funebris in two sites

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