间伐施肥对杉木中龄林生长和材种结构的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106007

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 70-78.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106007

间伐施肥对杉木中龄林生长和材种结构的影响

赵铭臻¹(), 刘静¹, 邹显花², 郑宏³, 范福金³, 林开敏¹^,², 马祥庆¹^,², 李明¹^,²^,^*()

1.福建农林大学林学院,福建福州 350002
2.国家林业和草原局杉木工程技术研究中心,福建福州 350002
3.福建省洋口国有林场,福建顺昌 353205

收稿日期:2021-06-03 修回日期:2022-05-10 出版日期:2023-03-30 发布日期:2023-03-28
通讯作者: * 李明(limingly@126.com),副教授。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2201302);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600301)

Effects of thinning and fertilization on the growth and timber assortment structure of middle-aged Chinese fir forest

ZHAO Mingzhen¹(), LIU Jing¹, ZOU Xianhua², ZHENG Hong³, FAN Fujing³, LIN Kaimin¹^,², MA Xiangqing¹^,², LI Ming¹^,²^,^*()

1. Forestry College,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China
2. National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou 350002,China
3. Fujian Yangkou National Forest Farm,Shunchang 353205,China

Received:2021-06-03 Revised:2022-05-10 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨不同间伐保留密度和施用不同比例N、P肥对杉木中龄林生长和材种结构的影响。【方法】在福建省洋口国有林场9年生立地指数22的杉木人工林中设置9块标准地,采用正交试验设计进行间伐和施肥的配套试验,间伐保留密度为1 200、1 500和2 250株/hm²,N肥施用量为0、100、200 g/株,P肥施用量为0、250、500 g/株,连续观测4 a。【结果】不同间伐密度和N、P肥施用量对杉木树高生长影响不显著,不同间伐保留密度对杉木林平均胸径增长有较大影响,最小密度与最大密度处理间存在显著差异。N肥施用量和P肥施用量对杉木林平均胸径增长影响较小,不同N、P肥施用量间差异不显著。不同间伐保留密度间平均单株材积增量存在显著差异,N、P肥施用量对平均单株材积增量影响较小。不同密度林分间蓄积量增量并不显著,但较高水平N、P肥施用量能促进林分蓄积量增量显著提高。低间伐保留密度显著影响杉木大径材出材量,而1 200株/hm²保留密度下大径材出材量最高,1 500和2 250株/hm²保留密度下能够获得较高的中径材出材量。高水平的N肥施用量能促进杉木中龄林大径材出材量的增加,高水平的P肥施用量能促进中径材出材量的增加,但其结果未达到显著水平。【结论】相对于N、P肥的施用效果,密度调控对杉木中龄林生长和材种结构的影响更为显著。较低的林分密度是培育杉木大径材的关键技术,而N、P肥施用效应需要长期观测。

关键词: 杉木, 间伐, 施肥, 中龄林, 材种结构

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of different thinning retention densities and different ratios of N and P fertilizers on the growth and timber assortment structure of middle-aged Chinese fir (Cunninyhamia lancelata) forests were analyzed.【Method】 Nine standard plots were set up in a 9-year-old Chinese fir plantation with 23 site indices at the Yangkou National Forest Farm in Fujian Province. An orthogonal experimental design was used to carry out matching experiments of thinning and fertilization. The thinning retention density was 1 200, 1 500 or 2 250 trees/hm²; the N fertilizer application rate was 0, 100 or 200 g per tree; and the P fertilizer application rate was 0, 250 or 500 g per tree,this experiment lasted for four years.【Result】 The results show that different thinning densities and N and P application rates had no significant effect on tree height growth. Different thinning retention densities had a greater impact on the average DBH growth of Chinese fir forests, and revealed a significant difference between the minimum density and the maximum density. The application rate of N fertilizer and P fertilizer had little effect on the average DBH growth of Chinese fir forest, and there was no significant difference between different N and P application rates. There was a significant difference in the average volume increase per plant among different thinning retention densities, and the application of N and P fertilizers had little effect on the average per tree volume increase. The increase in stand volume among stands of different densities was not significant, but higher levels of N and P application rates could promote a significant increase in stock volume increase. The low thinning retention density significantly affected the large-diameter wood yield, and it was highest under the retention density of 1 200 trees/hm². Higher yields of medium diameter timber were obtained at retention densities of 1 500 and 2 250 trees/hm². A high level of N fertilizer application promoted an increased large-diameter wood output, while a high level of P fertilizer application promoted an increased medium-diameter wood output, but the result was not significant.【Conclusion】 In general, compared with the application of N and P fertilizers, the effect of density regulation on the growth and timber structure of Chinese fir middle-aged forests is more significant. The lower forest density is key for cultivating large-diameter fir timber, and the effects of N and P fertilizer application require long-term observation.

Key words: Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir), thinning, fertilization, middle-aged forest, wood species structure

中图分类号:

S753.5

赵铭臻,刘静,邹显花,等. 间伐施肥对杉木中龄林生长和材种结构的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(2): 70-78.

ZHAO Mingzhen, LIU Jing, ZOU Xianhua, ZHENG Hong, FAN Fujing, LIN Kaimin, MA Xiangqing, LI Ming. Effects of thinning and fertilization on the growth and timber assortment structure of middle-aged Chinese fir forest[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(2): 70-78.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106007.

图/表 7

表1

表2

树高、胸径回归拟合结果"

回归模型类型 regression model type	模型方程 model equation	R²
二次函数 quadratic function	H= -0.010 8 D² + 1.022 1 D + 1.093 5	0.720 5
一次线性函数 linear function	H = 0.620 8 D + 4.635 2	0.713 1
指数函数 exponential function	H = 7.397 5 $e 0.041 D$	0.699 4
幂函数 power function	H= 1.969 2 D^{0.720 5}	0.731 6

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

图1

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理化性质 physical and chemical property	土层/cm soil layer
理化性质 physical and chemical property	0~10	≥10~20	≥20~40
最大持水量/mm max holding water	52.61±1.92	52.19±2.34	105.50±4.59
毛管持水量/mm hairy tube holding water	45.66±3.12	43.21±3.21	88.78±6.21
最小持水量/mm min retentive capacity	31.93±3.37	28.93±3.35	61.19±4.64
非毛管孔隙度/% non-capillary porosity	6.85±3.60	8.45±4.70	8.29±2.79
毛管孔隙度/% capillary porosity	45.57±3.12	43.08±3.21	44.39±3.11
总孔隙度/% total porosity	52.41±1.92	51.53±2.34	52.69±2.29
土壤密度/(g·cm^-3) soil density	2.66±0.15	2.68±0.10	2.87±0.14
N含量/(g·kg^-1) N content	1.57±0.34	1.42±0.32	1.02±0.21
P含量/(g·kg^-1) P content	0.26±0.04	0.25±0.05	0.26±0.05

材种 timber type	各径级占比/% diameter class ratio
材种 timber type	<6 cm	6 cm	8 cm	10 cm	12 cm	14 cm	16 cm	18 cm	20 cm	22 cm	24 cm	≥26 cm
薪材 fuelwood	100	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
小条木 small wood	0	70	100	60	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
小径材small diameter timber	0	0	0	40	90	100	100	40	0	0	0	0
中径材medium diameter timber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	100	100	65	0
大径材 large diameter timber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	100

样地号 sample No.	保留密度/ (株·hm^-2) retention density	施肥量/(g·株^-1) fertilizer amount		养分含量/(g·kg^-1) nutrient content			化学计量比 eco-stoichiometry
样地号 sample No.	保留密度/ (株·hm^-2) retention density	N	P	有机碳 SOC	全氮 TN	全磷 TP	C:N	C:P	N:P
1	1 200	0	250	16.12±3.55	1.24±0.33	0.23±0.08	13.30±1.62	75.74±23.18	5.58±1.18
2	1 500	200	0	13.06±2.51	0.93±0.08	0.24±0.03	14.36±4.08	57.43±19.70	3.94±0.29
3	1 200	200	500	17.05±2.53	1.37±0.19	0.25±0.02	12.44±0.17	69.35±13.82	5.56±1.04
4	2 250	0	0	22.08±2.92	1.73±0.23	0.30±0.02	12.82±1.14	73.59±5.90	5.77±0.56
5	1 500	0	500	18.39±7.28	1.30±0.57	0.28±0.02	14.70±1.64	66.23±24.35	4.71±1.97
6	1 200	100	0	15.25±3.11	1.13±0.36	0.32±0.01	14.18±2.22	47.12±10.24	3.50±1.14
7	2 250	100	500	15.64±3.86	1.13±0.36	0.25±0.01	14.36±1.53	61.58±13.14	4.42±1.26
8	1 500	100	250	16.37±2.89	1.19±0.30	0.24±0.02	14.30±2.96	67.20±9.71	4.93±1.30
9	2 250	200	250	25.47±1.32	1.78±0.30	0.21±0.07	14.74±2.86	129.37±33.58	9.51±3.80

样地号 sample No.	年份 year	D/ cm	H/ m	V_单株/ m³	V_总/ (m³·hm^-2)	样地号 sample No.	年份 year	D/ cm	H/ m	V_单株/ m³	V_总/ (m³·hm^-2)
	2017	18.47	16.10	0.221 8	242.16	5	2020	20.53	17.37	0.292 4	443.35
	2018	19.74	16.89	0.263 9	287.39		总增量	3.25	2.03	0.106 1	161.55
1	2019	21.02	17.67	0.311 1	339.60		2017	18.31	16.00	0.216 8	251.26
	2020	21.88	18.19	0.345 5	377.39		2018	19.44	16.70	0.253 5	294.28
	总增量	3.41	2.09	0.123 7	135.23	6	2019	20.72	17.49	0.299 7	348.51
	2017	18.36	16.03	0.218 4	331.81		2020	21.93	18.22	0.347 6	405.15
	2018	19.41	16.68	0.252 4	384.10		总增量	3.62	2.22	0.130 8	153.90
2	2019	20.43	17.31	0.288 7	439.61		2017	15.11	13.93	0.131 2	301.59
	2020	21.42	17.91	0.326 8	499.12		2018	16.14	14.61	0.156 0	359.71
	总增量	3.06	1.88	0.108 4	167.32	7	2019	17.06	15.2	0.180 1	416.20
	2017	18.31	16.00	0.216 8	262.47		2020	17.69	15.61	0.198 2	454.87
	2018	19.49	16.73	0.255 2	309.77		总增量	2.58	1.68	0.067 0	153.28
3	2019	20.72	17.49	0.299 7	364.14		2017	14.82	13.74	0.124 7	189.22
	2020	22.11	18.33	0.355 1	432.01		2018	16.09	14.58	0.154 6	238.42
	总增量	3.80	2.33	0.138 3	169.54	8	2019	17.33	15.37	0.187 7	289.60
	2017	15.98	14.51	0.151 9	360.81		2020	18.22	15.94	0.214 0	330.24
	2018	16.92	15.11	0.176 3	416.92		总增量	3.40	2.20	0.089 3	141.03
4	2019	17.72	15.63	0.199 2	472.27		2017	13.22	12.65	0.092 5	203.61
	2020	18.30	15.99	0.216 5	514.21		2018	14.48	13.51	0.117 3	258.43
	总增量	2.32	1.48	0.064 6	153.39	9	2019	15.65	14.29	0.143 8	317.00
	2017	17.28	15.34	0.186 3	281.80		2020	16.33	14.73	0.160 7	354.41
5	2018	18.52	16.13	0.223 4	338.03		总增量	3.11	2.08	0.068 2	150.80
	2019	19.81	16.93	0.266 4	403.49

变量 variable	处理 treatment	D_增量/cm	H_增量/m	V_单株增量/m³	V_总增量/ (m³·hm^-2)	出材量增量/(m³·hm^-2) output increment		出材率增量/% yield increment
变量 variable	处理 treatment	D_增量/cm	H_增量/m	V_单株增量/m³	V_总增量/ (m³·hm^-2)	中径材 medium- diameter timber	大径材 large- diameter timber	中径材 medium- diameter timber	大径材 large- diameter timber
保留密度/ (株·hm^-2) retention density	1 200	3.61±0.16 b	2.21±0.10 a	0.130 9±0.006 0 c	152.89±14.02 a	71.22±6.42 a	104.47±15.52 b	1.23±3.86 a	25.01±3.25 b
	1 500	3.24±0.14 ab	2.04±0.13 a	0.101 3±0.008 5 b	156.63±11.28 a	138.19±43.03 a	49.26±43.00 ab	23.26±9.67 a	10.05±8.06 a
	2 250	2.67±0.33 a	1.75±0.25 a	0.066 6±0.001 5 a	152.49±1.19 a	134.86±22.73 a	24.41±16.71 a	24.92±6.87 a	5.06±3.16 a
N肥量/ (g·株^-1) N fertilizer amount	0	2.99±0.48 a	1.87±0.27 a	0.098 1±0.024 8 a	150.06±11.00 a	121.69±47.41 a	54.44±22.71 a	13.8±7.14 a	12.17±6.12 a
	100	3.20±0.45 a	2.03±0.25 a	0.095 7±0.026 4 a	149.40±5.93 a	127.39±35.94 a	45.29±41.94 a	22.56±4.67 a	11.06±4.36 a
	200	3.33±0.34 a	2.10±0.18 a	0.105 0±0.028 7 a	162.55±8.36 b	95.18±33.59 a	78.41±53.55 a	10.59±2.95 a	16.88±5.71 a
P肥量 (g·株^-1) P fertilizer amount	0	3.00±0.54 a	1.87±0.30 a	0.101 2±0.027 5 a	158.20±6.45 b	87.8±11.87 a	85.23±29.15 a	3.21±4.26 a	18.39±7.18 a
	250	3.31±0.14 a	2.12±0.06 a	0.093 7±0.022 9 a	142.35±6.43 a	120.58±32.80 a	31.87±38.26 a	26.87±8.71 a	7.88±9.13 a
	500	3.21±0.50 a	2.01±0.27 a	0.103 8±0.029 2 a	161.46±6.64 b	135.88±53.24 a	61.04±44.57 a	16.87±3.65 a	13.84±9.51 a

间伐施肥对杉木中龄林生长和材种结构的影响

Effects of thinning and fertilization on the growth and timber assortment structure of middle-aged Chinese fir forest

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